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活火山

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层状火山构造的横切图
1.主岩浆库
2.基岩
3.主熔岩通道
4.地面
5.侵入性火成岩脉
6.熔岩岔道
7.火山灰堆积层
8.侧翼
9.熔岩堆积层
10.火山喉
11.寄山火山锥
12.熔岩流
13.喷发口
14.主火山口
15.灰云

活火山火山的一个种类,指现时仍然活跃的火山,以有别于休火山死火山

然而,火山学的学者并没有一个共同明确的标准来判定一个火山是否是活火山,尤其火山活动的周期可能长达数百万年,人类纪录中的火山活动对于火山种类的判断意义可能不大。

一般判定活火山,是以现在火山活动的情形来判断,除了喷发之外,其他的活动的情形如造成地震、喷发气体等,都可能作为活火山的判准。例如大屯山富士山等火山便在此争论中。

火山喷发分为2类:“岩浆喷发”与“蒸汽爆炸”(蒸汽爆炸,即岩浆的热量将其上方的地下水膨胀成水蒸气,将聚集在火山口的岩石爆炸或吹飞。较难以发现前兆且可能短时间内多次反复喷发。)

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活火山
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