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沼蟾科

沼蟾属
东方沼蟾
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 两栖纲 Amphibia
目: 无尾目 Anura
科: 沼蟾科 Heleophrynidae
诺布尔英语Gladwyn Kingsley Noble, 1931
属: 沼蟾属 Heleophryne
斯克莱特, 1898

纳塔尔沼蟾 Hadromophryne natalensis
Heleophryne depressa
Heleophryne hewitti
东方沼蟾 Heleophryne orientalis
珀塞尔沼蟾 Heleophryne purcelli
勒吉沼蟾 Heleophryne regis
罗斯沼蟾 Heleophryne rosei

沼蟾的分布(图中黑色部分)

沼蟾科,又名魔蟾科泥蟾科,隶属于无尾目下的一个,通常称之为幽灵蛙。沼蟾科辖下有两个,分别是沼蟾属(Heleophryne)和Hadromophryne,下再分成七个。幽灵蛙栖息于南非山中的急流附近。“幽灵蛙”这个名字可能源自于人们在南非开普敦桌山骷髅峡谷(Skeleton Gorge)的溪流发现它们。[1]

生理

幽灵蛙已演化出适应周边有乱石有溪流的环境。幽灵蛙体型在蛙类中算是中等大小,有6厘米(2.4英寸)长,身体平滑,这可使它们爬入岩石的裂缝中躲藏。另外,脚趾上有大型的吸盘,这可以帮助它们抓紧岩石。其蝌蚪的口器也演化出吸盘,可使它们固定在溪流底部的石头,不至于被水流冲走,甚至吃东西时仍会吸住石头。[1]

生物分类

幽灵蛙与生活于塞舌尔塞舌蛙澳大利亚的龟蛙有亲缘关系。

科:沼蟾科(Heleophrynidae)

  • 属:Hadromophryne Van Dijk, 2008
    • 纳塔尔沼蟾(Hadromophryne natalensis Hewitt, 1913
  • 属:沼蟾属(Heleophrynus Sclater, 1898
    • Heleophryne depressa FitzSimons, 1946
    • Heleophryne hewitti Boycott, 1988
    • 东方沼蟾(Heleophryne orientalis FitzSimons, 1946
    • 珀塞尔沼蟾(Heleophryne purcelli Sclater, 1898
    • 勒吉沼蟾(Heleophryne regis Hewitt, 1910
    • 罗斯沼蟾(Heleophryne rosei Hewitt, 1925

EDGE濒危物种

在2008年1月21日,进化特殊的全球濒危物种组织英语EDGE of Existence programme(简称EDGE)找出了自然界中“最离奇”、“最美妙”和“最濒危”的物种,并指出:“EDGE的两栖动物是地球上最值得注意和最独特的物种,可是前100名中有85%的物种正遭受栖息地减少或无栖息地的境况。” 其中,幽灵蛙在EDGE中被列入前10名。[2][3][4]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Zweifel, Richard G. Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. , 编. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. 1998: 104–105. ISBN 0-12-178560-2. 
  2. ^ Reuters, Giant newt, tiny frog identified as most at risk. [2011-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-20). 
  3. ^ guardian.co.uk, Drive to save weird and endangered amphibians. [2011-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-21). 
  4. ^ guardian.co.uk/environment, Gallery: the world's strangest amphibians. [2011-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2012-04-16). 
  • Cogger, H.G.; R.G. Zweifel, and D. Kirschner. Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians Second Edition. Fog City Press. 2004. ISBN 1-877019-69-0. 
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沼蟾科
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