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根祖巴语

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根祖巴语
Qʼanjobʼal
Kanjobal
母语国家和地区危地马拉
区域韦韦特南戈省
族群根合巴人英语Qʼanjobʼal people
母语使用人数
危地马拉有78,000名使用者(1998)[1]
9,000 in Mexico (2010)[2]
语系
马雅语系
  • 西马雅语系
语言代码
ISO 639-3kjb
Glottologqanj1241[3]
ELPQ'anjob'al

根合巴文(Q'anjob'al)是马雅语系的一种语言。大概有88,200人作母语使用。根合巴语的人主要分布在危地马拉里的韦韦特南戈省墨西哥[4]

根合巴文是一种作-通格语言

语音学

根合巴语元音
i u
e o
a
根合巴语辅音
双唇 齿龈 龈后 卷舌 软颚 小舌 声门
鼻音 m /m/ n /n/ n /ŋ/
塞音 plain p /pʰ/ t /tʰ/ k /kʰ/ q /qʰ/ ʼ /ʔ/
挤喉音 // //
内爆音 /ɓ/ /ʛ̥/
塞擦音 普通 tz /tsʰ/ ch /tʃʰ/ tx /tʂʰ/
挤喉 tzʼ /tsʼ/ chʼ /tʃʼ/ txʼ /ʈʂʼ/
擦音 s /sʰ/ xh /ʃʰ/ x /ʂ/ j /χ/
近音 w /v/ l /l/ y /j/ w /w/
闪音 r /ɾ/

构词学

根合巴文的被动式有两种后缀。第一种是"-lay",会加在动词后面。
"-lay"的用法比较广泛。

X-ach hin b'aj-a'.
COM-2SB 1SA scold-TV
"I scold you.”

X-ach b'aj-lay w-uj.
COM-2SB scold-PSV 1SA-by
"You are scolded by me.”

第二种是后缀表达被动式是"-chaj"
a. Max k'och-lay ixim nal (y-uj cham winaq).
  COM shell-PSV CL corn 3A-by CL.HON man
   ‘The corn was shelled (by the old man).’
b. Max k'och-chaj ixim nal y-uj cham winaq.
  COM shell-PSV CL corn 3A-by CL.HON man
  ‘The old man was able to shell the corn.’/
   ?‘The corn could be shelled by the old man’

参考文献

  1. ^ 根祖巴语
    Qʼanjobʼal
    于《民族语》的链接(第18版,2015年)
  2. ^ INALI (2012) México: Lenguas indígenas nacionales
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Qʼanjobʼal. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  4. ^ Mateo Pedro, Pedro. 2009. “Nominalization in Q’anjob’al.” In Stephanie Lux and Pedro Mateo (eds.), Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 31:46-63, University of Kansas.

Mateo Pedro, Pedro. 2009. “Nominalization in Q’anjob’al.” In Stephanie Lux and Pedro Mateo (eds.), Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 31:46-63, University of Kansas.

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根祖巴语
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