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染色质

染色质(英语:Chromatin,或称核染质)是在细胞中发现的大分子复合物,由DNA蛋白质RNA组成[1]。它也是构成染色体的结构。染色质的主要功能是:

  • 将DNA包装成更紧凑,更致密的形状
  • 增强DNA大分子以允许有丝分裂
  • 防止DNA损伤
  • 控制基因表达和DNA复制

染色质的主要蛋白质组件是致密DNA的组织蛋白。染色质仅在真核细胞(具有确定的细胞核的细胞)中发现。原核细胞具有不同的DNA组织(原核染色体等同物称为拟核,并且位于类核区内)。真核细胞的染色质位在细胞核内;原核生物的则位于类核(nucleoid)当中[2]

尽管经过深入调查,但目前对染色质的结构了解甚少。其结构取决于几个因素。整体结构取决于细胞周期的阶段。在间期,染色质在结构上是松散的,以允许获得转录和复制DNA的RNA和DNA聚合酶。间期染色质的局部结构取决于DNA上存在的基因。

参考文献

  1. ^ Monday, Tanmoy. Characterization of the RNA content of chromatin. Genome Res. July 2010, 20 (7): 899–907. PMC 2892091可免费查阅. PMID 20404130. doi:10.1101/gr.103473.109. 
  2. ^ Dame RT. The role of nucleoid-associated proteins in the organization and compaction of bacterial chromatin. Mol. Microbiol. 2005, 56 (4): 858–70. PMID 15853876. 

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染色质
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