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最简分数

最简分数,也称既约分数不可再约分数(英语:Irreducible fraction),指的是分子分母互质分数

若一分数可表为,且整数),,则称为最简分数。假若p和q还有别的公因数,则其非最简分数。若,且设。其中的最简分数。

最简分数也可参阅有理化分数的公式,尽量将分子和分母互为质数[1]。每一个正有理数可以被表示为不可简化的分数[2]。如果分数的分子和分母划分为它们的最大公因数,而这一项方法可以完全降低至最低的简化条件[3]。为了找出分子和分母的最小公因数,当然可以使用辗转相除法整数分解,就是要解决分数的分子和分母过大的问题[4]

最简分数例如。而不是,因为,因而

唯一性

每一个有理数没有独特性的表示正分母的不可简化分数[2](虽然两者 都是不可简化的分数)。唯一性是独一无二主要因子分解的结果,自从出现 意味着,因此等号的双边必须共享相同的因式分解,设主要多重的因数,而也要出现的子集,方可证明

概括

不可简化的分数的概念可推论任何唯一分解整环分式环:透过划分分子和分母的最大公因数,这一项元素的领域中可被写出它们的分数[5]。特别适用越过其他领域的代数式。然而不可简化的分数在给定元素上,既使是同样的可逆元素,也是唯一较多人使用分子和分母的乘法。在有理数的情况下意旨任何数字具有两个最简分数,若跟分子和分母的正负号有关;在这种模糊的情况下可透过要求分母要被移除负号。在合理的功能的情况下,分母可以类似地被要求是一个首项[6]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ E.g., see Laudal, Olav Arnfinn; Piene, Ragni, The Legacy of Niels Henrik Abel: The Abel Bicentennial, Oslo, June 3-8, 2002, Springer: 155, 2004 [2016-07-08], (原始内容存档于2019-07-12) 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Scott, William, Elements of Arithmetic and Algebra: For the Use of the Royal Military College, College text books, Sandhurst. Royal Military College 1, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans: 75, 1844 .
  3. ^ Sally, Judith D.; Sally, Paul J., Jr., 9.1. Reducing a fraction to lowest terms, Integers, Fractions, and Arithmetic: A Guide for Teachers, MSRI mathematical circles library 10, American Mathematical Society: 131–134, 2012 [2016-07-08], ISBN 9780821887981, (原始内容存档于2019-07-12) .
  4. ^ Cuoco, Al; Rotman, Joseph, Learning Modern Algebra, Mathematical Association of America Textbooks, Mathematical Association of America: 33, 2013 [2016-07-08], ISBN 9781939512017, (原始内容存档于2019-07-12) .
  5. ^ Garrett, Paul B., Abstract Algebra, CRC Press: 183, 2007 [2016-07-08], ISBN 9781584886907, (原始内容存档于2019-07-12) .
  6. ^ Grillet, Pierre Antoine, Abstract Algebra, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 242, Springer, Lemma 9.2, p. 183, 2007 [2016-07-08], ISBN 9780387715681, (原始内容存档于2019-07-12) .
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最简分数
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