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智能流体

智能流体(英语:smart fluids)指的是用电场磁场可以改变其流动性能(主要为粘滞系数)的流体。[1]

智能流体分为二大类;电流变液和磁流变液。电流变液一般是由半导体颗粒在介电质油中组成悬浮液;而磁流变液则是由磁性颗粒在非磁性油类中组成的悬浮液。二种流体的流动机理都是相同的;电场使电流变液内颗粒极化;磁场使磁流变液的颗粒磁化,并成线状,从而使它们的流动性改变。电场或磁场去掉后,它们的性又可复原。

电流变液在电场作用下,其粘滞系数可发生105级的变化;例如;一典型的电流变液,在电场作用下;只要在毫秒的晌应时间内,就可变成凝胶;这种过程是可逆的。它有时也称为温斯洛夫效应,它是美国发明家威利斯·温斯洛夫于1947年发明的。

电流变液的主要用途为制造快速液压阀和离合器;它们的间距在1mm左右;所加电压约为1KV。磁流变液在磁场作用下,它的外观粘滞系数可一直变为粘弹性固体;改变磁场强度;可精确控制它的内应力状态;可以传送力。它的主要应用在工业中制造各种阻尼器减震器[2]

参考资料

  1. ^ http://www.aip.org/tip/INPHFA/vol-9/iss-6/p.14.html[永久失效链接]
  2. ^ Magnetrheology:Advances and Applications(2014)N.M.Wheeley,Ed.,Royal Society of Chemistry,RSC Smart Materials,Cambridge,UK.Dol: 10.1939/9781849737548
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智能流体
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