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钦定日下旧闻考

日下旧闻考》,原名《钦定日下旧闻考》,是乾隆年间刊印的关于北京历史、地理、城坊、宫殿、名胜等方面的古籍,是于敏中英廉德保 (清朝)、(清朝)窦光鼐朱筠等人奉敕编纂,并于康熙年间朱彝尊的《日下旧闻》的基础上考证和补充而成的。古人称京师为“日下”,故名“日下旧闻”。

修订沿革

朱彝尊之《日下旧闻》一书“详于考古,而略于核实”,而且此书自康熙二十六年(1687)刊刻以来,近百年间,京城又有极大变化,乾隆三十六年朝廷决定将此书重新考证[1]。《日下旧闻考》仍然沿用《日下旧闻》的体例和目录,原书分星土、世纪、形胜、宫室、城市、郊、京畿、侨治、边障、户版、风俗、物产、杂缀十三门外,还增设国朝宫室、京城总记、皇城、官署(自城市门切割出来)、苑囿等门,并删去侨治门,总计十八门,再收录康熙、雍正及乾隆帝的诗文,篇幅从四十二卷增加到一百六十卷,是《日下旧闻》的三倍[注 1]。《日下旧闻考》从乾隆三十八年(1773年)开始修订到乾隆四十七年(1782年)成书,乾隆五十年至五十二年(1785年-1787年)刊刻出书。《钦定日下旧闻考》大量收入清朝初年之史料,“履堪遗迹,订妄以存真”,如圆明园长春园毁于咸丰十年的英法联军,端赖此书完整描写当时林园的宏伟状貌,提供可靠的史料依据。

注释

  1. ^ 《日下旧闻考》一书有两种版本:一百六十卷“武英殿刊本”,以及一百六十卷《四库全书》抄本。《四库全书总目》误植:“钦定日下旧闻考,一百二十卷,乾隆三十九年奉敕撰。”

参考文献

  1. ^ 《大清纯皇帝高宗实录》乾隆三十八年(1773)六月:“本朝朱彝尊《日下旧闻》一书,博采史乘,旁及稗官杂说,荟萃而成,视《帝京景物略》、《燕都游览志》诸编,较为该备,数典者多资之。第其书详于考古,而略于核实,每有所稽,率难征据,非所以示传信也。朕久欲详加考证,别为定本,方今汇辑《四库全书》,典籍大备,订伪衷是之作,正当其时。京畿为顺天府所隶,而九门内外,并辖于步军统领衙门。按辖访谘,无难得实。著福隆安、英廉、蒋赐棨、刘纯炜选派所属人员将朱彝尊原书所载各条,逐一确核。几方隅不符、记载失实,及承袭讹舛、遗漏未登者,悉行分类胪载,编为《日下旧闻考》,并著于敏中总其成。每辑一门,以次进呈,候朕亲加鉴定,使天下万世知皇都闳丽,信而有征,用以广见闻而供研炼。书成后并即录入《四库全书》,以垂永久。”

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