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数码信号

数码信号(英语:Digital signal)可以有多重的含义。它可以用来表示已经数码化的离散时间信号,或者表示数字系统中的波形信号。

离散时间信号

数字信号是离散时间信号(Discrete-time signal)的数码化表示,通常可由模拟信号(Analog signal)获得。

模拟是一组随时间改变的数据,如某地方的温度变化,车辆在行驶过程中的速度,或电路中某节点的电压幅度等。有些模拟信号可以用数字函数来表示,其中时间是自变量而信号本身则作为应变量。离散时间信号是模拟信号的采样结果:离散信号的取值只在某些固定的时间点有意义(其他地方没有定义),而不像模拟信号那样在时间轴上具有连续不断的取值。

若离散时间信号在各个采样点(Samples)上的取值只是原来模拟信号取值(可能需要无限长的数字来表示)的一个近似,那么我们就可以用有限字长(字长长度因应近似的精确程度而有所不同)来表示所有的采样点取值,这样的离散时间信号称为数码信号。将一组精确测量的数值用有限字长的数值来表示的过程称为量化(Quantization)。从概念上讲,数码信号是量化的离散时间信号,而离散时间信号则是已经采样的模拟信号。

随着电子技术的飞速发展,数字信号的应用也日益广泛。很多现代的媒体处理工具,尤其是需要和电脑相连的仪器都从原来的模拟信号表示方式改为使用数码信号表示方式。我们日常常见的例子包括手机、视频播放器或音频播放器和数码相机等。

一般情况下,数码信号是以二进制数字表示的,因此信号的量化精度一般以比特(bits)来衡量。

参见

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数码信号
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