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弗兰格尔岛

弗兰格尔岛在北极的位置
弗兰格尔岛
弗兰格尔岛在北冰洋的位置

弗兰格尔岛(俄语:о́стров Вра́нгеля罗马化ostrov VrangelyaIPA:[ˈostrəf ˈvrangʲɪlʲə],英语:Wrangel Island),俄罗斯远东楚科奇自治区北冰洋岛屿弗兰格尔岛自然保护区的一部分,以著名探险家费迪南德·冯·弗兰格尔之名命名。

弗兰格尔岛位于东西伯利亚海楚科奇海之间,南为楚科奇半岛,面积7608平方公里,属俄罗斯楚科奇自治区管辖。该岛因在第四纪冰期时未被冰川覆盖,因此生物多样性极好,岛上共有超过400种植物,是其他北极圈内地区植物种类总合的两倍。该岛还因北极熊海象聚居而闻名。2017年夏季还因数百只北极熊集体啃食搁浅岸边的鲸鱼而名噪一时[1][2]。此岛可能也是世界上长毛象最后生存的地点。

弗兰格尔岛附近据推测有大量的石油天然气资源,俄罗斯政府近年来宣布以弗兰格尔岛为基点对周边120万平方公里海域拥有主权,遭到美国加拿大等邻国的强烈反对。作为回应,美国曾一度宣称弗兰格尔岛为美利坚合众国的领土[3],并打算将弗兰格尔岛列入华盛顿哥伦比亚特区直辖。

气候

弗兰格尔岛
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C(°F) 1.5
(34.7)
−0.2
(31.6)
0.7
(33.3)
2.2
(36.0)
9.6
(49.3)
17.4
(63.3)
18.2
(64.8)
16.7
(62.1)
12.3
(54.1)
5.3
(41.5)
1.7
(35.1)
1.1
(34.0)
18.2
(64.8)
平均高温 °C(°F) −19.4
(−2.9)
−20.1
(−4.2)
−18.7
(−1.7)
−12.9
(8.8)
−3.1
(26.4)
3.3
(37.9)
5.7
(42.3)
4.8
(40.6)
1.5
(34.7)
−4.2
(24.4)
−10.6
(12.9)
−17.1
(1.2)
−7.6
(18.3)
平均低温 °C(°F) −26.2
(−15.2)
−26.8
(−16.2)
−25.9
(−14.6)
−20.4
(−4.7)
−8.2
(17.2)
−0.9
(30.4)
1.1
(34.0)
0.7
(33.3)
−1.9
(28.6)
−8.6
(16.5)
−15.9
(3.4)
−23.0
(−9.4)
−13.0
(8.6)
历史最低温 °C(°F) −42
(−44)
−44.6
(−48.3)
−45
(−49)
−38.2
(−36.8)
−31.5
(−24.7)
−12.3
(9.9)
−4.9
(23.2)
−6.5
(20.3)
−21.4
(−6.5)
−29.8
(−21.6)
−34.9
(−30.8)
−57.7
(−71.9)
−57.7
(−71.9)
平均降水量 mm(吋) 7
(0.3)
7
(0.3)
5
(0.2)
6
(0.2)
8
(0.3)
10
(0.4)
20
(0.8)
27
(1.1)
15
(0.6)
12
(0.5)
10
(0.4)
8
(0.3)
135
(5.3)
平均降雨天数 0.1 0.2 0.03 0.4 3 9 13 16 11 2 1 0.2 55.93
平均降雪天数 12 13 11 14 16 8 3 5 14 20 16 13 145
平均相对湿度(%) 79 80 80 81 86 88 88 89 86 81 79 79 83
数据来源:Климат о. Врангеля[4]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Lunch arrives on Wrangel Island, and 230 polar bears show up for the feast页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),The Siberian Times,2017-09-29
  2. ^ 国际新闻中心,满岛都是熊!230只北极熊蜂拥而上 集体啃食搁浅鲸鱼,三立新闻网,2017-10-01
  3. ^ 弗兰格尔岛成美国的了?俄议员回怼:把阿拉斯加还我们. [2023-09-09]. 原始内容存档于2023-06-09. 
  4. ^ Климат о. Врангеля. [2012-06-24]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-05) (俄语). 
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弗兰格尔岛
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