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安第斯龙属

安第斯龙属
化石时期:白垩纪后期,99.6–97 Ma
安第斯龙与人类的体型比较
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha
下目: 蜥脚下目 Sauropoda
演化支 多孔椎龙类 Somphospondyli
演化支 泰坦巨龙类 Titanosauria
属: 安第斯龙属 Andesaurus
Calvo & Bonaparte, 1991
模式种
德氏安第斯龙
Andesaurus delgadoi

Calvo & Bonaparte, 1991

安第斯龙属属名Andesaurus,意为“安地斯山脉的蜥蜴”)是原始泰坦巨龙类恐龙的一个,生存于白垩纪南美洲。牠有着小型头部与长颈部,及长度相近的尾巴。就如牠的其他近亲,安第斯龙是一种非常大型的蜥脚下目恐龙

命名

在1991年,古生物学家Jorge Calvo及约瑟·波拿巴(Jose Bonaparte)命名了安第斯龙,意指化石是从接近安第斯山脉的地方被发现。安第斯龙属的模式种德氏安第斯龙A. delgadoi)则是以发现它的化石的亚历杭德罗·德尔加多(Alejandro Delgado)来命名[1]

化石及发现历史

安第斯龙的唯一已知化石是一个部分骨骼,包含了一列的4节后段背椎,以及分为两段的27节尾椎。中段尾椎的椎体延长[2]。也有发现骨盆化石,例如坐骨耻骨,以及肋骨碎片、不完整的肱骨股骨

这些化石都是发现于阿根廷内乌肯省内的内乌肯组最老的地层:Candeleros地层。这个地层是白垩纪森诺曼阶早期,约于1亿到9700万年前。这个地层的大部分都是网状河沉积层,除了安第斯龙外,亦有发现其他恐龙,如鹫龙南方巨兽龙利迈河龙

分类

安第斯龙有几种原始的特征,使得牠被认为是泰坦巨龙类的最原始物种。事实上,这个分支的定义包括了安第斯龙、萨尔塔龙、牠们的最近共同祖先、以及最近共同祖先的所有后代[3][4]。最明显的祖征性是尾椎的关节。在大部分进阶的泰坦巨龙类恐龙,尾椎关节是球窝关节,而关节窝在前方。但安第斯龙的尾椎两面都是平的,就像其他的非泰坦巨龙类恐龙。安第斯龙本身只有一个特征,就是在其脊椎上高的神经棘,而这个特征还须更多的研究[5]

一些发现于阿根廷的其他原始泰坦巨龙类恐龙,包括阿根廷龙普尔塔龙,都是蜥脚下目的巨型恐龙。而进阶的泰坦巨龙类萨尔塔龙科,就包含了一些其他小型的蜥脚下目恐龙及萨尔塔龙本身。所以在泰坦巨龙类的原始物种最有可能是大型的恐龙[6]

参考

  1. ^ Calvo, J.O. & Bonaparte, J.F. 1991. [Andesaurus delgadoi n. g. n. sp. (Saurischia, Sauropoda) a titanosaurid dinosaur from the Río Limay Formation (Albian-Cenomanian), Neuquén, Argentina.] Ameghiniana. 28: 303-310. [In Spanish]
  2. ^ Tidwell, V., Carpenter, K. & Meyer, S. 2001. New Titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. D. H. Tanke & K. Carpenter (eds.). Indiana University Press, Eds. D.H. Tanke & K. Carpenter. Indiana University Press. 139-165.
  3. ^ Salgado, L., Coria, R.A., & Calvo, J.O. 1997. Evolution of titanosaurid Sauropods. I: Phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana. 34: 3-32.
  4. ^ Wilson, J.A. & Upchurch, P. 2003. A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria – Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1(3): 125–160.
  5. ^ Upchurch, P., Barrett, P.M, & Dodson, P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., & Osmolska, H. (Eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd Edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 259-322.
  6. ^ Novas, F.E., Salgado, L., Calvo, J.O., & Agnolin, F. 2005. Giant titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Revista del Museum Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 7(1): 37-41.
  • Mannion, P. D. and Calvo, J. O., Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian–early Cenomanian) Río Limay Formation, Neuquén Province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, no. doi: doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00699.x
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安第斯龙属
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