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姜嫄

姜嫄(?—?),中国上古人物,有邰氏后稷的母亲。根据《史记·五帝本纪》记载,姜嫄是帝喾高辛氏的正妃(次妃是简狄,第三妃是庆都,四妃是常宜)。传说她是踩到上帝的脚印后,怀孕生下后稷。后稷是帝喾之子,周朝的父系祖先[1]。《诗经·大雅·生民》的开端说:“厥初生民,时维姜嫄。生民如何,克禋克祀,以弗无子。履帝武敏歆,攸介攸止,载震载夙,载生载育,时维后稷。”《诗经·鲁颂·閟宫》说:“赫赫姜嫄,其德不回,上帝是依。”其死后葬在陕西武功姜嫄墓(俗称娘娘坟)。

标注

  1. ^ 西汉·刘向《列女传·母仪·弃母姜嫄》:姜嫄以为异,乃收以归。因命曰弃。姜嫄之性,清静专一,好种稼穑。及弃长,而教之种树桑麻。弃之性明而仁,能育其教,卒致其名。尧使弃居稷官,更国邰地,遂封弃于邰,号曰后稷。及尧崩,舜即位,乃命之曰:“弃!黎民阻饥,汝居稷,播时百谷。”其后世世居稷,至周文武而兴为天子。君子谓姜嫄静而有化。《诗》云:“赫赫姜嫄,其德不回,上帝是依。”又曰:“思文后稷,克配彼天,立我烝民。”此之谓也。

参考文献

  • 《史记·五帝本纪》
  • 《诗经》
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姜嫄
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