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央齿龙属

央齿龙属
化石时期:中侏罗世
正模标本的牙齿
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha
下目: 蜥脚下目 Sauropoda
演化支 沉重龙类 Gravisauria
演化支 真蜥脚类 Eusauropoda
演化支 图里亚龙类 Turiasauria
属: 央齿龙属 Cardiodon
Owen, 1841
模式种
皱纹央齿龙
Cardiodon rugulosus

Owen, 1844

央齿龙属学名Cardiodon)意为“心脏牙齿”,是蜥脚下目恐龙的一个。其化石是一颗牙齿,形状像心脏,发现于英格兰威尔特郡,地质年代属于侏罗纪中期巴通阶。在历史上,央齿龙的分类很不确定,而且经常被归类于鲸龙,但近代研究认为牠们是不同的属,并与图里亚龙是近亲。

历史及分类

在1841年,理查德·欧文(Richard Owen)将一颗发现于阿文河畔布拉福的牙齿命名为央齿龙属(该牙齿已经遗失),但当时却没有订立任何[1]。三年后,他才加入了种名[2]。在之后几十年,他与其他学者都认为牠有可能是著名的蜥脚下目恐龙鲸龙异名[3][4]。在1890年,理查德·莱德克(Richard Lydekker)将鲸龙的牛津鲸龙Cetiosaurus oxoniensis)归类于央齿龙,该种当时只有一些牙齿及骨骼[5]。另外,他将另一颗发现于格罗斯特郡赛伦塞斯特附近的牙齿(编号BMNH R1527)加入此种中[5]。之后,央齿龙多被归类于鲸龙,但有些研究人员认为牠们是鲸龙属的一个种[6]

在2003年,保罗·厄普丘奇(Paul Upchurch)及约翰·马丁(John Martin)重新研究鲸龙,发现只有很少证据显示牛津鲸龙的牙齿与该骨骼有关系,而牛津鲸龙的牙齿有与央齿龙的牙齿有差异(央齿龙的牙齿是凸面向舌头的)。所以,他们支持保留央齿龙这个独立的属[7]。在2004年,厄普丘奇等人重复这个研究,发现虽然这个牙齿没有衍征,但却是属于真蜥脚类[8]。在2006年的图里亚龙命名研究中,同时指出央齿龙是这类新巨型恐龙的近亲[9]

古生物学

央齿龙是巨大的四足植食性恐龙[8],但由于缺乏有关的化石资料,对牠的研究也甚少。

参考资料

  1. ^ Owen, R. (1841). Odontography, Part II. Hippolyte Baillière. 655 p.
  2. ^ Owen, R. (1844). Odontography, Part III. Hippolyte Baillière. 655 p.
  3. ^ Phillips, J. (1871). Geology of Oxford and the Valley of the Thames. Clarendon Press:Oxford, 529 p.
  4. ^ Owen, R. (1875). Monographs of the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic formations (part III) (genera Bothriospondylus, Cetiosaurus, Omosaurus). Palaeontographical Society Monographs 29:15-93.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Lydekker, R. (1890). Suborder Sauropoda. In: Lydekker, R. (ed.). Catalogue of the Fossil Reptile and Amphibia of the British Museum (Natural History). Part 1. Taylor and Francis:London, p. 131-152.
  6. ^ Steel, R. (1970). Part 14. Saurischia. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Part 14. Gustav Fischer Verlag:Stuttgart, p. 1-87.
  7. ^ Upchurch, P.M., and Martin, J. (2003). The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(1):208-231.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Upchurch, P.M., Barrett, P.M., and Dodson, P. (2004). Sauropoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Osmólska, H., and Dodson, P. (eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, p. 259-322. ISBN 0-520-24209-2
  9. ^ Royo-Torres, R., Cobos, A., and Alcalá, L. (2006). A giant European dinosaur and a new sauropod clade. Science 314:1925-1927.
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央齿龙属
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