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碳固定

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蓝菌门所行的光合作用,是碳固定的一种。

碳固定(英语:Carbon fixation)是生物将无机碳(二氧化碳)转换为有机化合物的过程。其中最主要,也最为人知的是光合作用,其他的碳固定则包括可以在没有阳光的条件下作用的化能合成。会自行进行碳固定,产生营养而且成长的生物称为自营生物,其中包括了利用太阳光的能量生成有机化合物的光养生物、用无机化合物氧化的能量来生成有机化合物的无机营养生物英语lithotroph。而异营生物就是靠自养生物的碳固定来作为能量来源的生物。异营生物需要有机化合物作为能量来源,并且建构其身体组织。碳固定也称为二氧化碳固定固碳(Fixed carbon)或固碳作用减碳(reduced carbon)等[1]

净固碳量及总固碳量

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陆地生物及海洋生物的年净固碳量,以每年因固碳而转换的二氧化碳量来表示

估计固碳作用每年将2580亿吨的二氧化碳转换为有机化合物。固碳作用主要是在海洋环境中出现,尤其是高养份的区域。上述所述的是净固碳量,而总固碳量则更大,其中有40%是被生物体本身的呼吸作用所消耗[1]

代谢路径简介

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到2011年为止,已知的自养生物碳固定路径有六种。卡尔文循环是植物及藻类叶绿体中固碳的方式,蓝菌门也以此方式固碳。而像变形菌门中的紫细菌,以及一些非光养性变形菌,是利用不产氧光合作用来固碳[2]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Geider, R. J., et al., "Primary productivity of planet earth: biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats", Global Change Biol. 2001, 7, 849–882. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00448.x
  2. ^ Swan BK, Martinez-Garcia M, Preston CM, Sczyrba A, Woyke T, Lamy D, Reinthaler T, Poulton NJ, Masland ED, Gomez ML, Sieracki ME, DeLong EF, Herndl GJ, Stepanauskas R. Potential for chemolithoautotrophy among ubiquitous bacteria lineages in the dark ocean. Science. 2011, 333 (6047): 1296–300. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1296S. PMID 21885783. doi:10.1126/science.1203690. 

延伸阅读

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有关植物及藻类

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碳固定
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