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分配律

分配律(distributive property)二元运算的一个性质,它起源于基本代数运算,同时部分抽象代数运算亦符合该定律

定义

是定义在集合上的两个二元运算,我们说

  • 对于满足左分配律,如果:
;
  • 对于满足右分配律,如果:
;
  • 如果对于同时满足左分配律和右分配律,那么我们说对于满足分配律。

如果满足交换律,那么以上三条语句在逻辑上是等价的。

例子

  • 除了实数以外,自然数复数基数中的乘法都对加法满足分配律。
  • 实数及复数中的除法都对加法满足右分配律,但不满足左分配律。
  • 序数的乘法对加法只满足左分配律,不满足右分配律。
  • 矩阵乘法矩阵加法满足分配律(但不满足交换律)。
  • 集合并集交集满足分配律,交集对并集也满足分配律。另外,交集对对称差也满足分配律。
  • 逻辑析取逻辑合取满足分配律,逻辑合取对逻辑析取也满足分配律。另外,逻辑合取对逻辑异或也满足分配律。
  • 对于实数(或任何全序集合),最大值对最小值满足分配律,反之亦然:
  • 对于实数,加法对最大值满足分配律,对最小值也满足分配律:

环的分配律

分配律在分配格中很常见。

一个环有两个二元运算(通常称为),其中一个要求是必须对满足分配律。

是另外一种具有两个二元运算代数结构。如果这两个运算中的任何一个(例如)对另外一个()满足分配律,则也一定满足分配律,这时这个格便称为分配格。

参见

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分配律
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