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分体词

分体关系(英语:Meronymy[注 1])是一种语义关联。如果 A 是 B 的一部分,或 A 是 B 集合的成员,则称 A 是 B 的分体词,B 是 A 的整体词。例如,“手指”是“手”的分体词,“轮胎”是“汽车”的分体词。

逻辑学分体论的概念与分体关系的概念关系紧密。分体论是指一套与组成部分及其相应整体有关的公理化一阶理论。分体关系也可看作是一种偏序关系

分体词指的是表示某整体的一部分的词语。若要表示某词语的子集,请见下义词英语hyponym。如“树”的下义词是“松树”、“栎树”等(一种树),“树”的分体词则是“树皮”、“树叶”等(树的一部分)。

注释

  1. ^ 来自希腊语 μέρος meros,“部分”和 ὄνομα onoma,“名字”

另见


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分体词
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