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二苯醚

二苯醚
IUPAC名
Diphenyl ether
别名 Diphenyl oxide; 1,1'-Oxybisbenzene; Phenoxybenzene
识别
CAS号 101-84-8  checkY
ChemSpider 7302
SMILES
 
  • O(c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChI
 
  • 1/C12H10O/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
InChIKey USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYAV
ChEBI 39258
性质
化学式 C12H10O
摩尔质量 170.21 g·mol−1
外观 天竺葵气味的无色固体或液体
熔点 25–26 °C
沸点 121 °C(1.34 kPa ), 258 °C (100 kPa )
溶解性 不溶
危险性
MSDS Aldrich MSDS
NFPA 704
1
2
0
 
闪点 115 °C (388.15 K)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二苯醚Diphenyl ether)是一种有机化合物,化学式C12H10O。二苯醚活化的苯环能发生各种芳香化合物的典型反应如羟基化硝化卤化磺化傅-克烷基化或酰化[1]。二苯醚应用于很多领域,如热传递介质,香味添加剂,聚酯加工助剂,阻燃剂的生产等。

合成

二苯醚及其性质的报道最早见于1901年,[2] 通过威廉姆逊合成反应苯酚苯在碱和催化量的铜的存在下反应生成二苯醚:

PhONa + PhBr → PhOPh + NaBr

氯苯水解法制苯酚中副产物二苯醚就是经此反应生成的。[3]

应用

二苯醚主要用于与联苯混合形成低共熔物,由于混合物处于液态的温度区间非常大,故适宜用作热传递介质。

二苯醚是通过Ferrario反应生产吩𫫇噻的起始原料[4],后者用于聚酰胺聚酰亚胺的生产[5]

由于其类似天竺葵的香味和其稳定性与廉价,二苯醚广泛用于肥皂的香味添加剂[6]。二苯醚也作为生产聚酯的加工助剂。

多溴代二苯醚英语Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDE)用于阻燃剂,五溴代与八溴代二苯醚由于健康与环境方面的风险,于2003年被欧盟禁止使用[7],现只有十溴二苯醚仍广泛使用[8],涂料和纤维增强塑料的制造中十溴二苯醚以阻燃剂102为商品名出售。

十溴代二苯醚
十溴代二苯醚

参考资料

  1. ^ Fiege, H.; Voges, H.-M.; Hamamoto, T; Umemura, S.; Iwata, T.; Miki, H.; Fujita, Y.; Buysch, H.-J.; Garbe, D.; Paulus, W. Phenol Derivatives. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH). 2000. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. 
  2. ^ Cook, A. N. Derivatives of Phenylether. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1901, 23 (11): 806–813. doi:10.1021/ja02037a005. 
  3. ^ Fahlbusch, K.-G.; Hammerschmidt, F.-J.; Panten, J.; Pickenhagen, W.; Schatkowski, D.; Bauer, K.; Garbe, D.; Surburg, H. Flavor and Fragrances. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH). 2003. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_141. 
  4. ^ Suter, C. M.; Maxwell, C. E. (1943). "Phenoxthin". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 2: 485. 
  5. ^ Mitsuru Ueoda, Tatsuo Aizawa, Yoshio Imai. Preparation and properties of polyamides and polyimides containing phenoxathiin units. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition. 1977, 15 (11): 2739–2747. doi:10.1002/pol.1977.170151119. 
  6. ^ Ungnade, H. E.; Orwoll, E. F. (1955). "2-Methoxy Diphenyl Ether". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 3: 566. 
  7. ^ DIRECTIVE 2003/11/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (PDF). [2013-08-28]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-05-25). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ Sutker, B. J. Flame Retardants. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH). 2005. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_123. 
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二苯醚
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