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二苯基二硒醚

二苯基二硒醚
IUPAC名
1,1′-Diselanediyldibenzene
别名 二苯基二硒
识别
CAS号 1666-13-3  checkY
PubChem 15460
ChemSpider 14710
SMILES
 
  • c1ccc(cc1)[Se][Se]c2ccccc2
InChI
 
  • 1/C12H10Se2/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-14-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
InChIKey YWWZCHLUQSHMCL-UHFFFAOYAK
RTECS JM9152500
性质
化学式 C12H10Se2
摩尔质量 312.13 g·mol−1
外观 黄色晶体
密度 1.84 g/cm3
熔点 59-61 °C(332-334 K)
溶解性 不溶
溶解性 可溶于二氯甲烷THF和热己烷
结构
偶极矩 0 D
危险性
警示术语 R:R23/25 R33 R50/53
安全术语 S:S20/21 S28 S45 S60 S61
主要危害 有毒
相关物质
相关化学品 Ph2S2
C6H5SeH
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二苯基二硒醚是一种有机硒化合物,化学式 (C6H5)2Se2,简称Ph2Se2。这种橙色固体是苯硒酚的氧化产物。在有机合成中,它用来引入 PhSe基团。

制备和性质

Ph2Se2 可以由苯硒酚盐(含有 PhSe-的化合物)的氧化而成,后者则可以由格氏试剂和硒反应而成:[1]

PhMgBr + Se → PhSeMgBr
2 PhSeMgBr + Br2 → Ph2Se2 + 2 MgBr2

这种分子的对称性为 C2,这类似于过氧化氢。Se-Se 键长为 2.29 Å ,C-Se-Se-C 二面角为 82°,C-Se-Se 键角接近 110°。[2]

反应

Ph2Se2 可以被还原:

Ph2Se2 + 2 Na → 2 PhSeNa

PhSeNa 是一种有用的亲核试剂,可以对卤代烷烃、磺酸酯(甲磺酸酯或对甲苯磺酸酯)和环氧化物进行亲核取代反应。它在制备吗啡的例子中出现:[3]

它也可以被氯化

Ph2Se2 + Cl2 → 2 PhSeCl

PhSeCl 是一种强大的亲电试剂,可以和各种亲电试剂反应,包括烯醇盐英语enolates烯醇硅醚格氏试剂有机锂化合物烯烃,并引入 PhSe基团。在以下反应中(马钱子酚的早期合成步骤),通过内酰胺烯醇盐与 PhSeCl 的反应中引入了 PhSe 基团。 [4]这种反应可以把羰基化合物转化成对应的 α,β-不饱和化合物。[5]

二苯基二硒醚本身也是弱亲电性的 PhSe基团来源,会和强亲核体,像是格氏试剂和锂试剂反应。PhSeCl 的反应性更强,效率也更高,因为使用 Ph2Se2 会浪费掉一半的硒。

Ph2Se2 + Nu → PhSeNu + PhSe

当 PhSeCl太强而二苯基二硒醚太弱时,N-苯基硒代邻苯二甲酰亚胺 (N-PSP) 也可以用来取代 PhSeCl。[6]

参考资料

  1. ^ Reich, H. J. (1979). "Reagents for Synthesis of Organoselenium Compounds: Diphenyl Diselenide and Benzeneselenenyl Chloride". Org. Synth. 59: 141; Coll. Vol. 6: 533. 
  2. ^ Marsh, R. E. The Crystal Structure of Diphenyl Diselenide. Acta Crystallographica. 1952, 5 (4): 458–462. doi:10.1107/S0365110X52001349可免费查阅. 
  3. ^ Taber, D. F.; Neubert, T. D.; Rheingold, A. L. Synthesis of (−)-Morphine. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2002, 124 (42): 12416–12417. PMID 12381175. doi:10.1021/ja027882h. 
  4. ^ Lerchner, A.; Carreira, E. M. First Total Synthesis of (±)-Strychnofoline via a Highly Selective Ring-Expansion Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2002, 124 (50): 14826–14827. PMID 12475306. doi:10.1021/ja027906k. 
  5. ^ Reich, H. J.; Wollowitz, S. Preparation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Nitriles by Selenoxide Elimination. Organic Reactions. 1993, 44: 1–296. ISBN 0471264180. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or044.01. 
  6. ^ Barrero, A. F.; Alvarez-Manzaneda, E. J.; Chahboun, R.; Corttés, M.; Armstrong, V. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Puupehedione and Related Compounds. Tetrahedron. 1999, 55 (52): 15181–15208. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00992-8. 
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二苯基二硒醚
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