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事障.
事障,佛教术语,二障之一。
- 二障:指的是烦恼障(事障)及所知障(理障)。[1]
- 障在佛法修行的意义就是遮蔽,意谓有情众生被无明、烦恼、恶业等种种障碍所障蔽,以致不能经由佛法的正确教导而得见正道、不得解脱生死、不能成就般若智慧功德、不能成佛。[2]
- 会令众生不得解脱的种种烦恼障碍,就称作事障。因为事障,所以众生会生生世世在三界六道之中不断的生死流转轮回。
- 在整个佛法的修行内涵三乘菩提上,障碍解脱生死的事障的意义通于二乘的解脱道、以及大乘佛菩提道,而因此不能证得阿罗汉果,舍报后不能入无余涅槃。这是相对于只通大乘佛菩提道、而不通二乘解脱道的理障而言,因为理障不会障碍有情出离三界生死轮回,但却因为对法界的实相不知不证,因而会障碍有情不能在菩萨道上的次第修行、障碍有情不能成佛。
- 事障中的见所断烦恼的现行,在菩萨初地前便已伏除,而见所断烦恼的种子于菩萨初地时初断。
- 事障中的修所断烦恼的一切种子在菩萨八地前全部断尽。事障的修所断烦恼的现行在菩萨初地之前之三贤位便渐渐伏除,到了菩萨的初地以上,便烦恼现行永断如行如阿罗汉一样。[3]
- 事障的内容可分为见惑与思惑,也就见所断烦恼以及修所断烦恼的内容。就是包含贪、瞋、痴等根本烦恼及大中小的随烦恼,以及种种百千万的微细烦恼,[4]
- 因为事障及理障的深浅差别,便有不同的种种众生。[5]
- ^
佛學大辭典/二障. 维基文库 (中文).
- ^ 《佛祖纲目》卷35:“故世尊曰。理障碍正知见。事障能续生死。” (CBETA, X85, no. 1594, p. 699, b3-4 // Z 2B:19, p. 326, a6-7 // R146, p. 651, a6-7)
- ^ 《成唯识论》卷10:“烦恼障中见所断种于极喜地见道初断。彼障现起地前已伏。修所断种金刚喻定现在前时一切顿断。彼障现起地前渐伏。初地以上能顿伏尽令永不行如阿罗汉。由故意力前七地中虽暂现起而不为失。八地以上毕竟不行。” (CBETA, T31, no. 1585, p. 54, a6-11)
- ^ 《阿毘达磨发智论》卷11 :“云何烦恼障。谓如有一本性具足炽然贪瞋痴烦恼。”(CBETA, T26, no. 1544, p. 973, a25-26)
- ^ 《大方广圆觉修多罗了义经》卷1:“一切众生由本贪欲,发挥无明显出五性,差别不等;依二种障,而现深浅。云何二障?一者理障碍正知见,二者事障续诸生死。云何五性?善男子!若此二障未得断灭名未成佛;若诸众生永舍贪欲,先除事障未断理障,但能悟入声闻、缘觉,未能显住菩萨境界。善男子!若诸末世一切众生,欲泛如来大圆觉海,先当发愿勤断二障,二障已伏即能悟入菩萨境界;若事、理障已永断灭即入如来微妙圆觉,满足菩提及大涅槃。善男子!一切众生皆证圆觉,逢善知识依彼所作因地法行,尔时修习便有顿渐;若遇如来无上菩提正修行路,根无大小皆成佛果;若诸众生虽求善友遇邪见者,未得正悟,是则名为外道种性,邪师过谬,非众生咎。是名众生五性差别。” (CBETA, T17, no. 842, p. 916, b20-c6)
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