For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 乌尔班大炮.

乌尔班大炮

乌尔班大炮又称达达尼尔巨炮(土耳其自称沙希炮,意为野炮),是15世纪匈牙利工程师乌尔班英语Orban研制的一种巨型加农炮[1]。曾用于奥斯曼帝国灭亡拜占庭帝国战争[1]

大英博物馆收藏的乌尔班大炮

军事历史

背景

乌尔班是一位匈牙利工程师,是制造大炮的专才,拥有当时全欧洲最高明的铸炮技术。他曾为拜占庭帝国皇帝君士坦丁十一世效力。然而,此时帝国财政已经枯竭,根本无法负担极其昂贵的青铜炮制造,甚至连君士坦丁十一世都不能按时发放乌尔班微薄的津贴。乌尔班为拜占庭生产了一些小型火炮后于1452年秋天前往阿德里安堡投奔穆罕默德二世

研制历史

1452年至1453年,奥斯曼帝国加紧对君士坦丁堡的攻势。君士坦丁堡的城墙长14英哩,被认为是当时世上最坚固的城墙。而奥斯曼的兵力超过10万人,包括土耳其新军2万人,穆罕默德二世亦建造舰队以便从海上围城。乌尔班为此建造了一种巨型大炮,史称“乌尔班大炮[1]。又因为首次使用于达达尼尔海峡,又称达达尼尔巨炮。土耳其自称沙希炮,意为野炮

机械学方面

乌尔班大炮长逾8米,直径约75厘米,可将544公斤的炮弹射到1英哩远的地方[2]。乌尔班也为拜占庭人建造大炮,但它们细小得多,而且开炮时产生的后坐力更会损坏自己的城墙

但乌尔班的大炮也有缺点:

  • 命中率极差,即使目标大如君士坦丁堡也未必命中[1]
  • 每次上弹需要3小时,炮弹质量最高可达1500磅(约合680千克)[2]
  • 炮弹极缺乏[2]
  • 大炮使用后后便因本身的后座力而倒塌[2]
  • 易炸膛,乌尔班本人亦被炸死[2]

评价

乌尔班火炮开创了战争史的新纪元,开创了人类历史上第一次大规模集中使用火炮的战役,改变了西欧的历史进程。

另见

参考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Johnson, William. The Sultan's Big Guns. [2013-05-05]. (原始内容存档于2 Feb 2008). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 William Johnson. Ottoman Gun Sizes. [2009-03-09]. (原始内容存档于September 21, 2008). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
乌尔班大炮
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?