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三八式野炮

三八式野炮
服役记录
服役期间1905–1945
使用方日本陆军, 北越
参与战争/冲突第一次世界大战
抗日战争
诺门罕战役
二战
越南抗法战争
生产历史
研发者克虏伯
生产商大阪炮兵工厂l
制造数量~3,059 [1]
基本规格
枪管长度2.286米(7英尺6英寸) L/31

炮弹Fixed QF 75 x 294mm R
炮弹重量6千克(13磅)
后坐力Hydro-spring
枪口初速510 m/s
最大射程11,600米(12,700 yd) (improved Type 38)

三八式野炮是1905年德国设计日本帝国购买,作为日本陆军标准野战炮。时为明治天皇 38 年,故称为三八式。 [2]

历史与发展

博登基地军事博物馆的三八式 75 毫米野战炮

1904-05 年日俄战争中,日本在火炮方面表现出丰富经验,[3] [4]并且在第一次世界大战之前拥有制造中型或大口径海军舰炮的技术和工业基础设施,日本帝国陆军参谋本部德国的克虏伯寻求最新火炮设计。购买了克虏伯 7.5 厘米 1903 型的最初型号,日本称之为三八式野炮,由陆军的大阪兵工厂许可生产超过2,000门。 [5]

三八式野炮的初代型号使用锥形间断螺栓,单箱式尾梁,将火炮仰角上限16°30'。此外,没有平衡器的耳轴安装在炮管平衡中心。第一次世界大战后,所有这些缺点都通过重新设计得到了弥补。 [6]

第一次世界大战后,三八式野炮基本上已经过时。然而,此时日本的生产能力已经提高,三八式野炮在日本进行了重新设计以改进炮架,相应地将仰角、射程和射速提高到每分钟10-12发。 [7]

设计

38 75型 毫米野战炮在当时是完全传统的设计,在炮盾上配有乘员座椅和坚固的箱形尾梁。它有一个液压弹簧后坐系统、间断螺旋式后膛装置和一个 1/16 英寸厚的炮盾。 [7]

改进型三八式野炮 的侧视图,带有后膛的插入镜头

在抗日战争之前的某个时间,三八式野炮被广泛修改。可向前固定,并添加了平衡器以补偿炮口的重量。使用空心的箱型尾梁,允许仰角达到 43°。新版本被称为“改进型三八式野炮”。 [5]日本生产了大约 400 辆。尽管努力用 90 型 75 毫米野战炮取代设计,但到第二次世界大战开始时,这两种类型的火炮数量仍然有限。 [1]

38 75型 mm野战炮(改进型)能够发射高爆穿甲弹头破片、燃烧弹、烟雾照明弹以及毒气弹。 [8]

战斗记录

尽管已经过时,三八式野炮在抗日战争苏日边境战争太平洋战争的战区被大量使用[9]

中国使用

1924年沈阳兵工厂仿制“民十三式75×31野炮”,最大射程8250米。

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Taki, Imperial Japanese Army. [2021-07-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-15).  引用错误:带有name属性“Taki, Imperial Japanese Army”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次
  2. ^ War Department TM-E-30-480 Handbook on Japanese Military Forces September 1944 p 400
  3. ^ Neuffer
  4. ^ (British) General Staff, p. 106 & 117
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Meyer, The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan. page 97
  6. ^ US Department of War Special Series No 25 Japanese Field Artillery October 1944
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 US Department of War. TM 30-480, Handbook on Japanese Military Forces
  8. ^ Bishop. The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
  9. ^ Chant, Artillery of World War II

参考书目

  • Bishop, Chris (eds) The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Barnes & Nobel. 1998. ISBN 0-7607-1022-8
  • (British) General Staff, War Office. "The Russo-Japanese War"; Reports From British Officers Attached To The Russian Forces In The Field. Vol. III, July 1907.
  • Chamberlain, Peter and Gander, Terry. Light and Medium Field Artillery. Macdonald and Jane's (1975). ISBN 0-356-08215-6
  • Chant, Chris. Artillery of World War II, Zenith Press, 2001, ISBN 0-7603-1172-2
  • McLean, Donald B. Japanese Artillery; Weapons and Tactics. Wickenburg, Ariz.: Normount Technical Publications 1973. ISBN 0-87947-157-3.
  • Mayer, S.L. The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan. The Military Press (1984) ISBN 0-517-42313-8
  • Neuffer, William LT. "What Lessons In The Employment Of Field Artillery Should Be Deduced From The Experiences Of The Russo-Japanese War?" The Field Artillery Journal (Artilleristische Monatshefts. No. 35 November 1909); by William Neuffer, Lieutenant of the 3rd Bavarian (Prince Leopold) Regiment of Field Artillery
  • US Department of War Special Series No 25 Japanese Field Artillery October 1944
  • US Department of War, TM 30-480, Handbook on Japanese Military Forces, Louisiana State University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8071-2013-8

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三八式野炮
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