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Antiparalelogram

Antiparalelogram.

Antiparalelogram (tudi kontraparalelogram [1] ali prekrižani paralelogram) [2] je štirikotnik v katerem sta podobno kot v paralelogramu po dve nesosednji stranici skladni. Za razliko od paralelograma pa po dve nasprotni si stranici nista vzporedni, ampak se sekata.

Lastnosti

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Vsak antiparalelogram ima os simetrije skozi njegovo točko sekanja. Zaradi te lastnosti ima dva para enakih kotov in enakih stranic [2]. Skupaj z deltoidi in enakokrakimi trapezi tvorijo antiparalelogrami eno izmed osnovnih skupin štirikotnikov s simetrijskimi osmi. Konveksne ogrinjače antiparalelograma so enakokraki trapezi. Vsak antiparalelogram se lahko naredi iz dveh nevzporednih stranic in diagonal enakokrakega trapeza [3]. Vsak antiparalelogram je tetivni štirikotnik, kar pomeni, da štiri njegova oglišča ležijo na krožnici.

Uniformni poliedri in njihovi duali

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Mali rombiheksaeder je polieder z antiparalelogrami (tvorijo jih pari koplanarnih trikotnikov) kot stranskimi ploskvami.

Mnogi nekonveksni uniformni poliedri vključno z tetrahemiheksiederom, kubooktaeder, oktahemioktaeder, mali rombiheksaeder, mali ikozihemidodekaeder in mali dodekahemidodekaeder imajo kot sliko oglišč antiparalelograme [4]. Za uniformne poliedre te vrste, v katerih stranske ploskve ne tečejo skozi središčno točko poliedra, ima dualni polieder facete kot svoje stranske ploskve. Zgled za uniformni polieder, ki ima antiparalelograme kot facete so mali rombiheksakron, veliki rombiheksakron, mali rombidekakron, veliki rombidekakron, mali dodeciikozakron in veliki dodeciikozakron

Opombe in sklici

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  1. Demaine, Erik; O'Rourke, Joseph (2007), Geometric Folding Algorithms, Cambridge University Press, str. 32–33, ISBN 978-0-521-71522-5
  2. 2,0 2,1 Bryant, John; Sangwin, Christopher J. (2008), »3.3 The Crossed Parallelogram«, How round is your circle? Where Engineering and Mathematics Meet, Princeton University Press, str. 54–56, ISBN 9780691131184
  3. Whitney, William Dwight; Smith, Benjamin Eli (1911), The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, The Century co., str. 1547
  4. Coxeter, H. S. M.; Longuet-Higgins, M. S.; Miller, J. C. P. (1954), »Uniform polyhedra«, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 246: 401–450, JSTOR 91532, MR 0062446


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Antiparalelogram
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