Isotopen van silicium
Het chemisch element silicium (Si), met een atoommassa van 28,0855(3) u, bezit drie stabiele isotopen: silicium-28, -29 en -30, waarvan de eerste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 92%). De overige twintig radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van silicium is silicium-22, met een halfwaardetijd van 29 milliseconden. De langstlevende is silicium-32, met een halfwaardetijd van 170 jaar. Deze isotoop vervalt tot fosfor-32, met uitzending van bètastraling. Fosfor-32 zelf bezit een halfwaardetijd van 14,28 dagen en vervalt tot de stabiele isotoop zwavel-32.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VE | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22Si | 14 | 8 | 22,03453(22) | 29(2) ms | β+ (68%) | 22Al | 0+ | |||
| β+, p (32%) | 21Mg | |||||||||
| 23Si | 14 | 9 | 23,02552(21) | 42,3(4) ms | β+ | 23Al | 3/2+ | |||
| 24Si | 14 | 10 | 24,011546(21) | 140(8) ms | β+ (92%) | 24Al | 0+ | |||
| β+, p (8%) | 23Mg | |||||||||
| 25Si | 14 | 11 | 25,004106(11) | 220(3) ms | β+ (63,19%) | 25Al | 5/2+ | |||
| β+, p (36,8%) | 24Mg | |||||||||
| 26Si | 14 | 12 | 25,992330(3) | 2,234(13) s | β+ | 26Al | 0+ | |||
| 27Si | 14 | 13 | 26,98670491(16) | 4,16(2) s | β+ | 27Al | 5/2+ | |||
| 28Si | 14 | 14 | 27,9769265325(19) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,92223(19) | 0,92205 - 0,92241 | |||
| 29Si | 14 | 15 | 28,976494700(22) | stabiel | 1/2+ | 0,04685(8) | 0,04678 - 0,04692 | |||
| 30Si | 14 | 16 | 29,97377017(3) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,03092(11) | 0,03082 - 0,03102 | |||
| 31Si | 14 | 17 | 30,97536323(4) | 157,3(3) min | β− | 31P | 3/2+ | |||
| 32Si | 14 | 18 | 31,97414808(5) | 170 jaar | β− | 32P | 0+ | |||
| 33Si | 14 | 19 | 32,978000(17) | 6,18(18) s | β− | 33P | 3/2+ | |||
| 34Si | 14 | 20 | 33,978576(15) | 2,77(20) s | β− | 34P | 0+ | |||
| 35Si | 14 | 21 | 34,98458(4) | 780(120) ms | β− (94,74%) | 35P | 7/2− | |||
| β−, n (5,26%) | 34P | |||||||||
| 36Si | 14 | 22 | 35,98660(13) | 0,45(6) s | β− (88%) | 36P | 0+ | |||
| β−, n (12%) | 35P | |||||||||
| 37Si | 14 | 23 | 36,99294(18) | 90(60) ms | β− (83%) | 37P | 7/2− | |||
| β−, n (17%) | 36P | |||||||||
| 38Si | 14 | 24 | 37,99563(15) | 90 ms | β−, n | 37P | 0+ | |||
| β− | 36P | |||||||||
| 39Si | 14 | 25 | 39,00207(36) | 47,5(20) ms | β− | 39P | 7/2− | |||
| 40Si | 14 | 26 | 40,00587(60) | 33,0(10) ms | β− | 40P | 0+ | |||
| 41Si | 14 | 27 | 41,01456(198) | 20,0(25) ms | β− | 41P | 7/2− | |||
| 42Si | 14 | 28 | 42,01979(54) | 13(4) ms | β− | 42P | 0+ | |||
| 43Si | 14 | 29 | 43,02866(75) | 15 ms | 3/2− | |||||
| 44Si | 14 | 30 | 44,03526(86) | 10 ms | 0+ | |||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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