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Robert Robinson

Sir Robert Robinson

OM PRS FRSE
Presiden Royal Society
Dalam jawatan
1945–1950
Didahului olehSir Henry Harrett Dale
Digantikan olehEdgar Adrian
Butiran peribadi
Lahir(1886-09-13)13 September 1886
Derbyshire, England
Meninggal dunia8 Februari 1975(1975-02-08) (umur 88)
Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England
KewarganegaraanUnited Kingdom
KerakyatanInggeris
Pusat pendidikanUniversiti Manchester
Terkenal keranaPembangunan sintesis organik[1]
PasanganGertrude Maud Robinson
AnugerahDavy Medal (1930)
Royal Medal (1932)
Copley Medal (1942)
Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1947)
Franklin Medal (1947)
Albert Medal (1947)
Faraday Lectureship Prize (1947)
Kerjaya saintifik
BidangKimia organik[1]
InstitusiUniversiti Sydney
Universiti Liverpool
British Dyestuffs Corporation
Universiti Manchester
Kolej Universiti London
Universiti Oxford
Penasihat kedoktoranWilliam Henry Perkin, Jr.
Pelajar kedoktoranSir Edward Abraham[2]
Arthur John Birch
William Sage Rapson
John Cornforth
Rita Harradence
K. Venkataraman[3]

Sir Robert Robinson OM PRS FRSE [4] (13 September 1886 - 8 Februari 1975) adalah seorang ahli kimia organik British dan pemenang Nobel diiktiraf pada tahun 1947 untuk kajian beliau pada zat warna tumbuhan (antosianin) dan alkaloid. Pada tahun 1947, beliau juga menerima Medal of Freedom bersama Silver Palm.

Penyelidikan

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Sintesisnya terhadap tropinon, pendahulu kokain, pada tahun 1917 bukan sahaja merupakan langkah utama dalam kimia alkaloid tetapi juga menunjukkan bahawa tindak balas tandem dalam sintesis satu pot dapat membentuk molekul bisiklik. [5][6]

Tropinone sintesis
Tropinone sintesis

Beliau mencipta simbol untuk benzen yang mempunyai bulatan di tengah-tengah ketika bekerja di Universiti St Andrews pada tahun 1923. Beliau terkenal kerana mencipta penggunaan anak panah keriting untuk mewakili gerakan elektron, dan ia juga dikenali untuk menemui struktur molekul morfin dan penisilin.[7] Anulasi Robinson mempunyai aplikasi dalam sintesis total steroid.

Pada tahun 1957, Robinson mengasaskan jurnal Tetrahedron dengan lima puluh penyunting lain untuk Pergamon Press.

Penerbitan

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  • The Structural Relationship of Natural Products (1955)

Beliau berkahwin dua kali. Pada tahun 1912, beliau berkahwin dengan Gertrude Maud Walsh. Berikutan kematiannya pada 1954, pada tahun 1957, beliau berkahwin dengan seorang janda, Puan Stern Sylvia Hillstrom (nee Hershey). [8]

  1. ^ a b Saltzman, M. D. (1987). "The development of Sir Robert Robinson's contributions to theoretical organic chemistry". Natural Product Reports. 4: 53. doi:10.1039/NP9870400053.
  2. ^ "Some substituted peptides and Experiments with lysozyme". University of Oxford. Dicapai pada 3 June 2017.
  3. ^ Anand, Nitya (2018-05-22). "Krishnaswami Venkataraman (1901–1981)" (PDF). Indian National Science Academy. Dicapai pada 2018-05-22.
  4. ^ Todd, L.; Cornforth, J. W. (1976). "Robert Robinson. 13 September 1886 – 8 February 1975". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 22: 414–527. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1976.0018. JSTOR 769748.
  5. ^ Robinson, R. (1917). "LXIII. A Synthesis of Tropinone". Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions. 111: 762–768. doi:10.1039/CT9171100762.
  6. ^ Birch, A. J. (1993). "Investigating a Scientific Legend: The Tropinone Synthesis of Sir Robert Robinson, F.R.S". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 47 (2): 277–296. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1993.0034. JSTOR 531792.
  7. ^ Abraham, E. P. (1987). "Sir Robert Robinson and the early history of penicillin". Natural Product Reports. 4 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1039/np9870400041. PMID 3302773.
  8. ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0 902 198 84 X. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2016-03-04. Dicapai pada 2019-03-07.

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Robert Robinson
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