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Gymnomycota

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Fuligo septica

Gymnomycota (ex Graeco, 'fungus nudus') est terminus ad quattuor greges eucaryotorum spectans:

  • supergrex Amoebozoa (plasmodiales fungi mucidi includens):
    • Myxomycota: syncytiales vel plasmodiales fungi mucidi.
    • Dictyosteliida: unicellulares fungi mucidi.
    • Acrasiomycota: fungi mucidi ex supergrege Excavata (ut familia Acrisidarum), modus vivendi Dictyosteliidis similis est.
    • Labyrinthulomycota: retia mucida ex supergrege Chromalveolatorum, ut classis Labyrinthulomycetium.
  • supergrex Rhizaria
    • Plasmodiophorida: parasitica protista ex Rhizariis.

Myxogastria, Protosteli, et Dictyosteliida formant hodiernum phylum (gregem) Mycetozoorum in supergrege Amoebozoorum unicontorum. Reliqua biconta sunt.

Vitam incipiunt amoebae unicellulares haploidae, quae multiplicantur cum cibum inveniant. Eae invicem copulari possunt, zygotes formantes, quae crescunt in plasmodia, multos nucleos sine parietibus cellularibus continentes, quae usque compluria metra in latitudinem crescere possunt.

Varietas quaedam late diffundtitur retia mucida (ex protoplasmate) formans in truncis, plasmodia suae devorant microorganismos. Cytoplasma intra funes retium fluit velociter (usque ad 1.35 mm / sec.), hoc est velocissimum protoplasma omnium organismorum (Alexopoulos, 1962). Cum cibaria deficiunt, plasmodium migrabit ad superficem substrati sui ad formandum rigidum corpus fructiferum (carposoma). Carposomata (aut sporangia) sunt quae communiter videmus, fungis veris fere similia, minime tamen sunt affines. Haec sporangia patefaciunt sporos qui transformant in amoebas ad cyclum vitae de nuo incipiendum (Ling 1999).

Fungos mucidos dividuntur in duos greges:

  • Myxogastria: plasmodialis fungus mucidus, comprehendit multas cellulas cohaerentes, magnam membranam formans. Haec "supercellula" est saccus cytoplasmorum mille nucleos singulos continens. (Coenocyticae hyphae essentialliter sunt multinucleatae supercellulae.) Fungus mucidus fusco colore valde communis est Stemonis. Alia species est Physarum polycephalum (quae ad pervestigationes insevit). In truncis habet formam reti mucidi flavi, nonnullos pedes latam. Fuligo format crustae flavae in substrato.
  • Dictyosteliida: cellularis fungus mucidus, protista unicellularia ac singularia, sed chemicum signum datum, cogunt in unum et agunt sicut organismus. Affines distantes sunt fungo mucido plasmodiali at alium habent modum vivendi. Amoebae suorum non formant magnos coenocytos, sed singulariter vivunt, inhabitant loca parva, microorganismis vescens. Cum cibaria deficiunt, atque parati sunt ad sporangia formanda, aliquid aliud facere solent: molecula signifera emittunt, per qua invenire possunt invicem ad congregandum in coordinatam creaturam multicellularam limaci similis, quae repit ad locum patentem et mutatur in carposoma. Nonnullae amoebae mutantur in sporos ad secundam generationem incipiendam, aliae sacrifiuntur et mutantur in pediculum ad sporos in altum tollendos.
  • Protostelida (minutior plasmodialis fungus mucidus) cyclus vitae valde similis est superioribus descriptionibus, sed multo minutior, carposoma formans unum solum aut nonnullos tantum sporos.
  • Acrasidae, vivunt Dictyostelidis similes, amoebae suorum tamen aliter se gerunt ac incertae sedis sunt.
  • Plasmodiophoridae quoque formant coenocytos, sunt tamen interni parasiti plantarum.
  • Labyrinthulomycetes aquam inhabitant; labyrinthi retiformes formant in quibus amoebae absque pseudopodiis versari possunt.
  • Fuligo (Fuligo septica (L.) Wigg.) est genus fungi mucidi plasmodialis. Revera non est fungus, sed plasmodium amoebis simile. Sicut fungi tamen et producit corpora fructifera (carposomata) valde minuta. In Finlandia invenitur species flavo colore. F. septimia a veneficis? adhiberi putantur ad lac vicinis coacescendam. Ideo est nomen paranvoi, butyrum spiritus familiaris significans. Invenitur in ligneo substrato (a Maio ad Octobrem): lagano mucido similis, vel pulviniformes massae in truncis, plantis viventis, et in sarmentis.

Dimensiones: Massae de 2.5 ad 20 cm longae, fere aeque latae, ac 1-3 cm longae. Descriptio: Fuligo primo apparet specie mucidae massae albae vel flavae. Postea mutatur in massam crustatam, placentula similis obscurioribus coloribus variis. Crusta fragilis faciliter dehiscitur ad massam nigram spororum patefaciendam. Edibilitas: Inedibilis.

Quamvis multae species fungi mucidi crescunt in ligno, tamen non formant penetrans ac absorptiva massa hypharum in ligno substrato.

Fungi mucidi potius formant structurae quae plasmodium vocantur, id est protoplasmatis massa nuda (absque parietibus cellularibus), qua se movere possunt atque devorare particulas cibi modo amoebarum. Plasmodia fungi mucidi repunt praeter superficiem rerum, bacteria devoranda, sporos fungorum et plantas, protozoa, particulosque rei organicae nonvivae. Ad quoddam punctum temporis, plasmodia mutantur in structuras sporiferas. Plasmodium in fuliginibis, mutatur in pulviniformam massam spororum, inclusam perido (= paries exterior). Haec structura "aethalium" vocantur. Fuligo septica producet amplissimam sporogonam structuram omnium fungorum mucidorum iam notorum.

Nexus interni

  • Alexopolous, C. J. 1962. Introductory Mycology. Ed. 2a. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Alexopolous, C. J., Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell, et al. 2004. Introductory Mycology. Ed. 4a. Hoboken, Novae Caesareae: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-52229-5.
  • Arnold, Nick. Nasty Nature.
  • Bryson, Bill. A Short History of Nearly Everything.
  • Karling, J. S. 1968. The Plasmodiophorales. Hafner Publishing Co.
  • Ling, H. 1968. Light and Fruiting in Didymium iridis. Mycologia Vol.? 966-970.
  • Ling, H. 1999. Myxomycetes, Commonly Overlooked Plants. The Native Plant Society of NJ Newsletter, autumno, p. 5.
  • Lister, A. 1925. A Monograph of the Mycetozoa.
  • Martin, G. W, et C. J. Alexopoulos. 1969. The Myxomycota. Iowa University Press.
  • Raper, K. B. 1984. The Dictyostelids. Princeton University Press.
  • Sleigh, Michael. 1989. "Protozoa and Other Protists". Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc.

Haec stipula ad biologiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

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Gymnomycota
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