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Escala de Mohs

A escala de Mohs é utilizada para medir a dureza das substancias sólidas. En xeoloxía utilízase para medir a dureza dos minerais. Foi proposta por Friedrich Mohs e baséase na resistencia dun mineral a ser raiado por outro. En mineraloxía a "dureza" non mide a resistencia do mineral a romper, senón a ser raiado.

Mohs, que era xeólogo, escolleu 10 minerais aos que atribuíu un determinado grao na súa escala comezando polo talco ao que lle deu o número 1 e rematando polo diamante ao que lle deu o 10.

A táboa é a seguinte:

Dureza de Mohs Mineral Fórmula química Dureza absoluta Imaxe
1 Talco Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 1
2 Xeso CaSO4·2H2O 3
3 Calcita CaCO3 9
4 Fluorita CaF2 21
5 Apatita Ca5(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F) 48
6 Ortosa (feldespato) KAlSi3O8 72
7 Cuarzo SiO2 100
8 Topacio Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 200
9 Corindón Al2O3 400
10 Diamante C 1600

Por non gardar a mesma proporción entre intervalos, establecéronse outros métodos para medir a dureza das substancias sólidas (ver durezas absolutas na táboa), aínda que en xeoloxía aínda se segue a usar a escala de Mohs, por ser un método simple e efectivo.

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Escala de Mohs
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