Irish exonyms
This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).
Algeria
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
Dzayer | Berber |
Belgium
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
Bruxelles | French | |||
Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
Walonreye | Walloon |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Sarajevo | Sairéavo | Sarajevo (Сарајево) | Bosnian |
Canada
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Labrador | English, French | |
Nunatsuak | Inuttitut | |||
Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Ikkarumikluak | Inuttitut | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
Newfoundland | English | |||
Terre-Neuve | French | |||
Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Nouvelle-Écosse | French | |||
Nova Scotia | English |
China
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Beijing | Bésing | Beijing (北京) | Mandarin | |
Tibet | Tibéid | Bhö (བོད) | Tibetan |
Croatia
[edit]![]() | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Dalmatia | an Dalmáit | Dalmacija | |
Zagreb | Ságrab | Zagreb |
Cyprus
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endony | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkosía | Greek | |
Lefkoşa | Turkish |
Czech Republic
[edit]![]() | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Bohemia | an Bhohéim | Čechy | |
Prague | Prág | Praha |
Denmark
[edit]![]() | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan | København | |
Jutland | an Iútlainn | Jylland | |
Zealand | an tSéalainn | Sjælland |
Egypt
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Cairo | Caireo |
France
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | French place | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula[1] | ||
Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
Bretagne | French | |||
Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
Corsica | Italian | |||
Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
Lottringe | West Franconian | |||
Louréne | Lorrain | |||
Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
Normaundie | Norman | |||
Paris | Páras | Paris | French |
Germany
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bavaria | an Bhaváir | Bayern | German | |
Berlin | Beirlín | Berlin | German | [2] |
Saxony | an tSacsain | Sachsen | German | |
Saggsn | Upper Saxon | |||
Sakska | Upper Sorbian |
Great Britain
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlise | English | |
Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
Corn na Breataine | ||||
Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”).[3][4] |
Guernsey | Geansaí | |||
Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx: Ellan Vannin) also used |
Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
Jersey | Geirsí | |||
Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
London | Londain | London | English | |
Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | From Latin Mancunia |
Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
Perth | Peairt | Peairt | Scottish Gaelic | |
Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
Strathclyde | Srath Chluaidh | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain."[5] |
York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum. |
Greece
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Language | Notes | |||
Athens | an Aithin | |||
Crete | an Chréit | |||
Rhodes | Ródas | |||
Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé |
Iceland
[edit]![]() | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Reykjavík | Réicivíc | Reykjavík |
India
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Delhi | Deilí | |||
Kolkata | Calcúta |
Indonesia
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Jakarta | Iacárta | Jakarta | Indonesian |
Israel
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Al-Quds | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew |
Italy
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Florence | Flórans | |||
Lombardy | an Lombaird | |||
Milan | Milan/ Milano[6] | |||
Piedmont | Píodmant | |||
Rome | an Róimh | |||
Sardinia | an tSairdín | |||
Sicily | an tSicil | |||
Tuscany | an Tuscáin | |||
Venice | an Veinéis |
Libya
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Tripoli | Tripilí |
Lithuania
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Vilnius | Vilnias | Vilnius | Lithuanian |
Moldova
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Chişinău | Císineá |
Myanmar
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Yangon | Rangún |
Palestine
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bethlehem | Beithil | بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) | Arabic | |
בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Leḥem) | Hebrew | |||
Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | القُدس (Al-Quds) | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yershuláyim) | Hebrew | |||
Nazareth | Nazarat | النَّاصِرَة (an-Nāṣira) | Arabic | |
נָצְרַת (Natsrat) | Hebrew | |||
ܢܨܪܬ, (Naṣrath) | Imperial Aramaic |
Poland
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Warsaw | Vársá | Warzawa | Polish |
Portugal
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Lisbon | Liospóin | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
Madeira | Maidéara |
Romania
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bucharest | Búcairist | Bucureşti | Romanian |
Russia
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
Siberia | an tSibéir | |||
Ural | an Úrail |
Serbia
[edit]![]() | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Belgrade | Béalgrád | Beograd |
South Korea
[edit]![]() | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Seoul | Súl |
Spain
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
A Coruña | an Choróin | Obsolete | ||
Cathair na Cruinne | ||||
Aragon | an Aragóin | |||
Galicia | an Ghailís | |||
Mallorca | Mallarca | |||
Menorca | Mionarca | |||
Seville | Seville |
Sudan
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Khartoum | Cartúm |
Sweden
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Götaland | an Ghotlann | Götaland | Swedish | |
Stockholm | Stócólm | Stockholm | Swedish |
Switzerland
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
Genève | French |
Syria
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Damascus | an Damaisc | Dimašq | Standard Arabic |
Tunisia
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Tunisian place | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Tunis | Túinis |
Ukraine
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Crimea | an Chrimé | |||
Kyiv | Cív | Kyiv | Ukrainian |
United Arab Emirates
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Abu Dhabi | Abú Daibí |
United States
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
Ellis Island | Oileán an Choraintín | Ellis Island | English | Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there. |
Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England. |
Vietnam
[edit]![]() | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Hanoi | Hanáí | Hà Nội | Vietnamese |
References
[edit]- téarma.ie – Téarma – the National Terminology Database for Irish, developed by Fiontar (Dublin City University) in collaboration with An Coiste Téarmaíochta (Foras na Gaeilge)
- ^ Molloy, Cian (2002). The Story of the Irish Pub. The Liffey Press. p. 14.
- ^ "berlin - Aistriúchán Gaeilge ar berlin (An Foclóir Nua Béarla-Gaeilge)". www.focloir.ie. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ "Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, Or, Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages". Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts. 18 September 1887 – via Google Books.
- ^ O'Curry, Eugene (20 July 1878). "Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History: Delivered at the Catholic University of Ireland, During the Sessions of 1855 and 1856". William A. Hinch – via Google Books.
- ^ McGarry, Patsy. "In a Word . . . Wales". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Milan". tearma.ie - Dictionary of Irish Terms - Foclóir Téarmaíochta. Fiontar. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
See also
[edit]Lists of place name etymologies (toponymy) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Place names | |||
City names | |||
State, county and province names | |||
Double place names | |||
Indigenous origin | |||
By language of origin |
|
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.