Gwobr Nobel
Pob blwyddyn, dyfarnir Gwobrau Nobel i bobl neu i gyrff rhyngwladol am ymchwil sylweddol, am ddatblygiadau technolegol newydd neu am gyfraniad arbennig i gymdeithas. Hi yw gwobr bwysicaf y byd yn y chwe maes sy'n cael eu dyfarnu. Dechreuodd y gwobrau ar ôl gorchymyn yn ewyllys Alfred Nobel, diwydiannwr o Sweden a wnaeth elw mawr drwy ddyfeisio deinameit. Yn ôl y sôn, cafodd gryn sioc ei bod hi'n bosib defnyddio deinameit i ddinistrio pethau, felly sefydlodd y gwobrau hyn ar gyfer pobl sydd wedi gwneud tro da, ar lefel byd-eang. Arwyddodd ei ewyllys ar 27 Tachwedd 1895 yn nghlwb Sweden-Norwy ym Mharis. Heddiw, dyfarnir Gwobrau Nobel yn y meysydd isod:
- Ffiseg (penderfynir gan Academi Frenhinol Swedaidd y Gwyddorau)
- Cemeg (penderfynir gan Academi Frenhinol Swedaidd y Gwyddorau)
- Ffisioleg neu Feddygaeth (penderfynir gan Sefydliad Karolinska)
- Llenyddiaeth (penderfynir gan yr Academi Swedaidd)
- Heddwch (penderfynir gan bwyllgor a benodir gan Storting Norwy)
- Economeg (penderfynir gan Academi Frenhinol Swedaidd y Gwyddorau)
Cymry
[golygu | golygu cod]Enillodd y ffisegydd Cymreig Brian David Josephson y Wobr Ffiseg Nobel yn 1973 a chyd-enillydd Gwobr Nobel 2007 oedd Syr John Houghton am ei waith yn erbyn newid yn yr hinsawdd.
Rhestr o enillwyr Gwobr Nobel
[golygu | golygu cod]Ffiseg | Cemeg | Ffisioleg neu Feddygaeth | Lenyddol | Heddwch | Economeg | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | Wilhelm Röntgen![]() |
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff![]() |
Emil Adolf von Behring![]() |
Sully Prudhomme![]() |
Henry Dunant![]() Frédéric Passy ![]() |
— |
1902 | Hendrik Lorentz![]() Pieter Zeeman ![]() |
Hermann Emil Fischer![]() |
Ronald Ross![]() |
Theodor Mommsen![]() |
Élie Ducommun![]() Charles Albert Gobat ![]() |
— |
1903 | Henri Becquerel![]() Pierre Curie ![]() Marie Curie ![]() |
Svante Arrhenius![]() |
Niels Ryberg Finsen![]() |
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson![]() |
Randal Cremer![]() |
— |
1904 | Yr Arglwydd Rayleigh![]() |
William Ramsay![]() |
Ivan Pavlov![]() |
Frédéric Mistral![]() José Echegaray ![]() |
Institut de Droit International![]() |
— |
1905 | Philipp Lenard![]() |
Adolf von Baeyer![]() |
Robert Koch![]() |
Henryk Sienkiewicz![]() |
Bertha von Suttner![]() |
— |
1906 | J. J. Thomson![]() |
Henri Moissan![]() |
Camillo Golgi![]() Santiago Ramón y Cajal ![]() |
Giosuè Carducci![]() |
Theodore Roosevelt![]() |
— |
1907 | Albert Abraham Michelson![]() |
Eduard Buchner![]() |
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran![]() |
Rudyard Kipling![]() |
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta![]() Louis Renault ![]() |
— |
1908 | Gabriel Lippmann![]() |
Ernest Rutherford![]() |
Élie Metchnikoff![]() Paul Ehrlich ![]() |
Rudolf Christoph Eucken![]() |
Klas Pontus Arnoldson![]() Fredrik Bajer ![]() |
— |
1909 | Braun, Karl FerdinandKarl Ferdinand Braun![]() Marconi, GuglielmoGuglielmo Marconi ![]() |
Ostwald, WilhelmWilhelm Ostwald![]() |
Kocher, Emil TheodorEmil Theodor Kocher![]() |
Lagerlöf, SelmaSelma Lagerlöf![]() |
Beernaert, Auguste Marie FrançoisAuguste Marie François Beernaert![]() d’Estournelles de Constant, Paul-Henri-BenjaminPaul-Henri-Benjamin d’Estournelles de Constant ![]() |
— |
1910 | Waals, Johannes Diderik van derJohannes Diderik van der Waals![]() |
Wallach, OttoOtto Wallach![]() |
Kossel, AlbrechtAlbrecht Kossel![]() |
Heyse, PaulPaul Heyse![]() |
International Peace Bureau![]() |
— |
1911 | Wien, WilhelmWilhelm Wien![]() |
Curie, MarieMarie Curie![]() |
Gullstrand, AllvarAllvar Gullstrand![]() |
Maeterlinck, MauriceMaurice Maeterlinck![]() |
Asser, TobiasTobias Asser![]() Fried, Alfred HermannAlfred Hermann Fried ![]() |
— |
1912 | Dalén, GustafGustaf Dalén![]() |
Grignard, VictorVictor Grignard![]() Sabatier, PaulPaul Sabatier ![]() |
Carrel, AlexisAlexis Carrel![]() |
Hauptmann, GerhartGerhart Hauptmann![]() |
Root, ElihuElihu Root![]() |
— |
1913 | Kamerlingh Onnes, HeikeHeike Kamerlingh Onnes![]() |
Werner, AlfredAlfred Werner![]() |
Richet, CharlesCharles Richet![]() |
Tagore, RabindranathRabindranath Tagore![]() |
La Fontaine, HenriHenri La Fontaine![]() |
— |
1914 | von Laue, MaxMax von Laue![]() |
Richards, Theodore WilliamTheodore William Richards![]() |
Bárány, RobertRobert Bárány![]() |
Neb | Neb | — |
1915 | Bragg, William HenryWilliam Henry Bragg![]() Bragg, William LawrenceWilliam Lawrence Bragg ![]() |
Willstätter, RichardRichard Willstätter![]() |
Neb | Rolland, RomainRomain Rolland![]() |
Neb | — |
1916 | Neb | Neb | Neb | Heidenstam, Verner vonVerner von Heidenstam![]() |
Neb | — |
1917 | Barkla, Charles GloverCharles Glover Barkla![]() |
Neb | Neb | Gjellerup, Karl AdolphKarl Adolph Gjellerup![]() Pontoppidan, HenrikHenrik Pontoppidan ![]() |
International Committee of the Red Cross![]() |
— |
1918 | Planck, MaxMax Planck![]() |
Haber, FritzFritz Haber![]() |
Neb | Neb | Neb | — |
1919 | Stark, JohannesJohannes Stark![]() |
Neb | Bordet, JulesJules Bordet![]() |
Spitteler, CarlCarl Spitteler![]() |
Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson![]() |
— |
1920 | Guillaume, Charles ÉdouardCharles Édouard Guillaume![]() |
Nernst, WaltherWalther Nernst![]() |
Krogh, AugustAugust Krogh![]() |
Hamsun, KnutKnut Hamsun![]() |
Bourgeois, LéonLéon Bourgeois![]() |
— |
1921 | Einstein, AlbertAlbert Einstein![]() |
Soddy, FrederickFrederick Soddy![]() |
Neb | France, AnatoleAnatole France![]() |
Branting, HjalmarHjalmar Branting![]() Lange, Christian LousChristian Lous Lange ![]() |
— |
1922 | Bohr, NielsNiels Bohr![]() |
Aston, Francis WilliamFrancis William Aston![]() |
Hill, ArchibaldArchibald Hill![]() Meyerhof, Otto FritzOtto Fritz Meyerhof ![]() |
Benavente, JacintoJacinto Benavente![]() |
Nansen, FridtjofFridtjof Nansen![]() |
— |
1923 | Millikan, Robert AndrewsRobert Andrews Millikan![]() |
Pregl, FritzFritz Pregl![]() |
Banting, FrederickFrederick Banting![]() John James Richard Macleod ![]() |
Yeats, W. B.W. B. Yeats![]() |
Neb | — |
1924 | Siegbahn, ManneManne Siegbahn![]() |
Neb | Einthoven, WillemWillem Einthoven![]() |
Reymont, WładysławWładysław Reymont![]() |
Neb | — |
1925 | Franck, JamesJames Franck![]() Hertz, Gustav LudwigGustav Ludwig Hertz ![]() |
Zsigmondy, Richard AdolfRichard Adolf Zsigmondy![]() |
Neb | Shaw, George BernardGeorge Bernard Shaw![]() |
Austen Chamberlain![]() Dawes, Charles G.Charles G. Dawes ![]() |
— |
1926 | Perrin, Jean BaptisteJean Baptiste Perrin![]() |
Svedberg, TheodorTheodor Svedberg![]() |
Johannes Fibiger![]() |
Deledda, GraziaGrazia Deledda![]() |
Briand, AristideAristide Briand![]() Stresemann, GustavGustav Stresemann ![]() |
— |
1927 | Compton, ArthurArthur Compton![]() Wilson, Charles Thomson ReesCharles Thomson Rees Wilson ![]() |
Wieland, Heinrich OttoHeinrich Otto Wieland![]() |
Wagner-Jauregg, JuliusJulius Wagner-Jauregg![]() |
Bergson, HenriHenri Bergson![]() |
Buisson, FerdinandFerdinand Buisson![]() Quidde, LudwigLudwig Quidde ![]() |
— |
1928 | Richardson, Owen WillansOwen Willans Richardson![]() |
Windaus, Adolf Otto ReinholdAdolf Otto Reinhold Windaus![]() |
Nicolle, CharlesCharles Nicolle![]() |
Undset, SigridSigrid Undset![]() |
Neb | — |
1929 | Broglie, Louis deLouis de Broglie![]() |
Harden, ArthurArthur Harden![]() von Euler-Chelpin, HansHans von Euler-Chelpin ![]() |
Eijkman, ChristiaanChristiaan Eijkman![]() Hopkins, Frederick GowlandFrederick Gowland Hopkins ![]() |
Mann, ThomasThomas Mann![]() |
Kellogg, Frank B.Frank B. Kellogg![]() |
— |
1930 | Raman, C. V.C. V. Raman![]() |
Fischer, HansHans Fischer![]() |
Landsteiner, KarlKarl Landsteiner![]() |
Lewis, SinclairSinclair Lewis![]() |
Söderblom, NathanNathan Söderblom![]() |
— |
1931 | Neb | Bosch, CarlCarl Bosch![]() Bergius, FriedrichFriedrich Bergius ![]() |
Warburg, Otto HeinrichOtto Heinrich Warburg![]() |
Karlfeldt, Erik AxelErik Axel Karlfeldt![]() |
Addams, JaneJane Addams![]() Butler, Nicholas MurrayNicholas Murray Butler ![]() |
— |
1932 | Heisenberg, WernerWerner Heisenberg![]() |
Langmuir, IrvingIrving Langmuir![]() |
Sherrington, Charles ScottCharles Scott Sherrington![]() Adrian, EdgarEdgar Adrian ![]() |
Galsworthy, JohnJohn Galsworthy![]() |
Neb | — |
1933 | Schrödinger, ErwinErwin Schrödinger![]() Dirac, PaulPaul Dirac ![]() |
Neb | Morgan, Thomas HuntThomas Hunt Morgan![]() |
Bunin, IvanIvan Bunin![]() |
Angell, NormanNorman Angell![]() |
— |
1934 | Neb | Urey, HaroldHarold Urey![]() |
Whipple, GeorgeGeorge Whipple![]() Minot, GeorgeGeorge Minot ![]() Murphy, William P.William P. Murphy ![]() |
Pirandello, LuigiLuigi Pirandello![]() |
Henderson, ArthurArthur Henderson![]() |
— |
1935 | Chadwick, JamesJames Chadwick![]() |
Joliot-Curie, FrédéricFrédéric Joliot-Curie![]() Joliot-Curie, IrèneIrène Joliot-Curie ![]() |
Spemann, HansHans Spemann![]() |
Neb | von Ossietzky, CarlCarl von Ossietzky![]() |
— |
1936 | Hess, Victor FrancisVictor Francis Hess![]() Anderson, Carl DavidCarl David Anderson ![]() |
Debye, PeterPeter Debye![]() |
Dale, Henry HallettHenry Hallett Dale![]() Loewi, OttoOtto Loewi ![]() |
O'Neill, EugeneEugene O'Neill![]() |
Lamas, Carlos SaavedraCarlos Saavedra Lamas![]() |
— |
1937 | Davisson, ClintonClinton Davisson![]() Thomson, George PagetGeorge Paget Thomson ![]() |
Haworth, NormanNorman Haworth![]() Karrer, PaulPaul Karrer ![]() |
Szent-Györgyi, AlbertAlbert Szent-Györgyi![]() |
du Gard, Roger MartinRoger Martin du Gard![]() |
Cecil of Chelwood, The ViscountThe Viscount Cecil of Chelwood![]() |
— |
1938 | Fermi, EnricoEnrico Fermi![]() ![]() |
Kuhn, RichardRichard Kuhn![]() |
Heymans, CorneilleCorneille Heymans![]() |
Pearl S. Buck![]() |
Nansen International Office For Refugees | — |
1939 | Lawrence, ErnestErnest Lawrence![]() |
Adolf Butenandt![]() Leopold Ružička ![]() |
Domagk, GerhardGerhard Domagk![]() |
Sillanpää, Frans EemilFrans Eemil Sillanpää![]() |
Neb | — |
1940 | Neb | Neb | Neb | Neb | Neb | — |
1941 | Neb | Neb | Neb | Neb | Neb | — |
1942 | Neb | Neb | Neb | Neb | Neb | — |
1943 | Stern, OttoOtto Stern![]() |
Hevesy, George deGeorge de Hevesy![]() |
Dam, HenrikHenrik Dam![]() Doisy, Edward AdelbertEdward Adelbert Doisy ![]() |
Neb | Neb | — |
1944 | Rabi, Isidor IsaacIsidor Isaac Rabi![]() |
Hahn, OttoOtto Hahn![]() |
Erlanger, JosephJoseph Erlanger![]() Gasser, Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer Gasser ![]() |
Jensen, Johannes VilhelmJohannes Vilhelm Jensen![]() |
International Committee of the Red Cross![]() |
— |
1945 | Pauli, WolfgangWolfgang Pauli![]() |
Virtanen, Artturi IlmariArtturi Ilmari Virtanen![]() |
Fleming, AlexanderAlexander Fleming![]() Ernst Chain ![]() Florey, HowardHoward Florey ![]() |
Mistral, GabrielaGabriela Mistral![]() |
Hull, CordellCordell Hull![]() |
— |
1946 | Bridgman, Percy WilliamsPercy Williams Bridgman![]() |
Sumner, James B.James B. Sumner![]() Northrop, John HowardJohn Howard Northrop ![]() Stanley, Wendell MeredithWendell Meredith Stanley ![]() |
Muller, Hermann JosephHermann Joseph Muller![]() |
Hesse, HermannHermann Hesse![]() |
Balch, Emily GreeneEmily Greene Balch![]() Mott, JohnJohn Mott ![]() |
— |
1947 | Appleton, Edward VictorEdward Victor Appleton![]() |
Robinson, RobertRobert Robinson![]() |
Cori, Carl FerdinandCarl Ferdinand Cori![]() Cori, GertyGerty Cori ![]() Houssay, BernardoBernardo Houssay ![]() |
Gide, AndréAndré Gide![]() |
Friends Service Council![]() American Friends Service Committee ![]() |
— |
1948 | Blackett, PatrickPatrick Blackett![]() |
Tiselius, ArneArne Tiselius![]() |
Müller, Paul HermannPaul Hermann Müller![]() |
Eliot![]() |
Neb | — |
1949 | Yukawa, HidekiHideki Yukawa![]() |
Giauque, WilliamWilliam Giauque![]() |
Hess, Walter RudolfWalter Rudolf Hess![]() Moniz, António EgasAntónio Egas Moniz ![]() |
Faulkner, WilliamWilliam Faulkner![]() |
Boyd Orr, JohnJohn Boyd Orr![]() |
— |
1950 | Powell, C. F.C. F. Powell![]() |
Diels, OttoOtto Diels![]() Alder, KurtKurt Alder ![]() |
Hench, Philip ShowalterPhilip Showalter Hench![]() Kendall, Edward CalvinEdward Calvin Kendall ![]() Reichstein, TadeusTadeus Reichstein ![]() ![]() |
Russell, BertrandBertrand Russell![]() |
Ralph Bunche![]() |
— |
1951 | Cockcroft, JohnJohn Cockcroft![]() Walton, ErnestErnest Walton ![]() |
McMillan, EdwinEdwin McMillan![]() Seaborg, Glenn T.Glenn T. Seaborg ![]() |
Theiler, MaxMax Theiler![]() ![]() |
Lagerkvist, PärPär Lagerkvist![]() |
Jouhaux, LéonLéon Jouhaux![]() |
— |
1952 | Bloch, FelixFelix Bloch![]() ![]() Purcell, Edward MillsEdward Mills Purcell ![]() |
Martin, Archer John PorterArcher John Porter Martin![]() Synge, Richard Laurence MillingtonRichard Laurence Millington Synge ![]() |
Selman Waksman![]() |
Mauriac, FrançoisFrançois Mauriac![]() |
Schweitzer, AlbertAlbert Schweitzer![]() |
— |
1953 | Zernike, FritsFrits Zernike![]() |
Staudinger, HermannHermann Staudinger![]() |
Krebs, Hans AdolfHans Adolf Krebs![]() Lipmann, Fritz AlbertFritz Albert Lipmann ![]() ![]() |
Winston Churchill![]() |
George Marshall![]() |
— |
1954 | Max Born![]() Bothe, WaltherWalther Bothe ![]() |
Linus Pauling![]() |
Enders, John FranklinJohn Franklin Enders![]() Robbins, Frederick ChapmanFrederick Chapman Robbins ![]() Weller, Thomas HuckleThomas Huckle Weller ![]() |
Ernest Hemingway![]() |
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | — |
1955 | Lamb, WillisWillis Lamb![]() Kusch, PolykarpPolykarp Kusch ![]() |
du Vigneaud, VincentVincent du Vigneaud![]() |
Theorell, HugoHugo Theorell![]() |
Laxness, HalldórHalldór Laxness![]() |
Neb | — |
1956 | Bardeen, JohnJohn Bardeen![]() Brattain, Walter HouserWalter Houser Brattain ![]() Shockley, WilliamWilliam Shockley ![]() |
Hinshelwood, Cyril NormanCyril Norman Hinshelwood![]() Semyonov, NikolayNikolay Semyonov ![]() |
Cournand, André FrédéricAndré Frédéric Cournand![]() ![]() Forssmann, WernerWerner Forssmann ![]() Richards, Dickinson W.Dickinson W. Richards ![]() |
Jiménez, Juan RamónJuan Ramón Jiménez![]() |
Neb | — |
1957 | Yang, Chen NingChen Ning Yang![]() Lee, Tsung-DaoTsung-Dao Lee ![]() ![]() |
Todd, The LordThe Lord Todd![]() |
Bovet, DanielDaniel Bovet![]() |
Camus, AlbertAlbert Camus![]() |
Pearson, Lester B.Lester B. Pearson![]() |
— |
1958 | Cherenkov, PavelPavel Cherenkov![]() Frank, IlyaIlya Frank ![]() Tamm, IgorIgor Tamm ![]() |
Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger![]() |
Beadle, George WellsGeorge Wells Beadle![]() Tatum, Edward LawrieEdward Lawrie Tatum ![]() Lederberg, JoshuaJoshua Lederberg ![]() |
Pasternak, BorisBoris Pasternak![]() |
Pire, DominiqueDominique Pire![]() |
— |
1959 | Segrè, Emilio G.Emilio G. Segrè![]() ![]() Chamberlain, OwenOwen Chamberlain ![]() |
Heyrovský, JaroslavJaroslav Heyrovský![]() |
Kornberg, ArthurArthur Kornberg![]() Ochoa, SeveroSevero Ochoa ![]() ![]() |
Quasimodo, SalvatoreSalvatore Quasimodo![]() |
Noel-Baker, PhilipPhilip Noel-Baker![]() |
— |
1960 | Glaser, Donald A.Donald A. Glaser![]() |
Libby, WillardWillard Libby![]() |
Macfarlane Burnet![]() Peter Medawar ![]() |
Perse, Saint-JohnSaint-John Perse![]() |
Lutuli, AlbertAlbert Lutuli![]() |
— |
1961 | Hofstadter, RobertRobert Hofstadter![]() Mössbauer, RudolfRudolf Mössbauer ![]() |
Calvin, MelvinMelvin Calvin![]() |
von Békésy, GeorgGeorg von Békésy![]() |
Andrić, IvoIvo Andrić![]() |
Hammarskjöld, DagDag Hammarskjöld![]() |
— |
1962 | Landau, LevLev Landau![]() |
Perutz, MaxMax Perutz![]() Kendrew, JohnJohn Kendrew ![]() |
Francis Crick![]() James Watson ![]() Maurice Wilkins ![]() |
Steinbeck, JohnJohn Steinbeck![]() |
Pauling, LinusLinus Pauling![]() |
— |
1963 | Wigner, EugeneEugene Wigner![]() ![]() Goeppert-Mayer, MariaMaria Goeppert-Mayer ![]() Jensen, J. Hans D.J. Hans D. Jensen ![]() |
Ziegler, KarlKarl Ziegler![]() Natta, GiulioGiulio Natta ![]() |
John Eccles![]() Alan Lloyd Hodgkin ![]() Andrew Huxley ![]() |
Seferis, GiorgosGiorgos Seferis![]() |
International Committee of the Red Cross League of Red Cross societies |
— |
1964 | Townes, Charles HardCharles Hard Townes![]() Basov, NikolayNikolay Basov ![]() Prokhorov, AlexanderAlexander Prokhorov ![]() |
Hodgkin, DorothyDorothy Hodgkin![]() |
Bloch, Konrad EmilKonrad Emil Bloch![]() Lynen, Feodor Felix KonradFeodor Felix Konrad Lynen ![]() |
Jean-Paul Sartre![]() |
Martin Luther King![]() |
— |
1965 | Tomonaga, Sin-ItiroSin-Itiro Tomonaga![]() Schwinger, JulianJulian Schwinger ![]() Feynman, RichardRichard Feynman ![]() |
Woodward, Robert BurnsRobert Burns Woodward![]() |
Jacob, FrançoisFrançois Jacob![]() Lwoff, André MichelAndré Michel Lwoff ![]() Monod, JacquesJacques Monod ![]() |
Sholokhov, MikhailMikhail Sholokhov![]() |
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) | — |
1966 | Kastler, AlfredAlfred Kastler![]() |
Mulliken, Robert S.Robert S. Mulliken![]() |
Rous, Francis PeytonFrancis Peyton Rous![]() Huggins, Charles BrentonCharles Brenton Huggins ![]() ![]() |
Agnon, Shmuel YosefShmuel Yosef Agnon![]() Nelly Sachs ![]() ![]() |
Neb | — |
1967 | Bethe, HansHans Bethe![]() ![]() |
Eigen, ManfredManfred Eigen![]() Norrish, Ronald George WreyfordRonald George Wreyford Norrish ![]() Porter, GeorgeGeorge Porter ![]() |
Granit, RagnarRagnar Granit![]() Hartline, Haldan KefferHaldan Keffer Hartline ![]() Wald, GeorgeGeorge Wald ![]() |
Asturias, Miguel ÁngelMiguel Ángel Asturias![]() |
Neb | — |
1968 | Alvarez, Luis WalterLuis Walter Alvarez![]() |
Onsager, LarsLars Onsager![]() |
Holley, Robert W.Robert W. Holley![]() Khorana, Har GobindHar Gobind Khorana ![]() Nirenberg, Marshall WarrenMarshall Warren Nirenberg ![]() |
Kawabata, YasunariYasunari Kawabata![]() |
Cassin, RenéRené Cassin![]() |
— |
1969 | Gell-Mann, MurrayMurray Gell-Mann![]() |
Barton, DerekDerek Barton![]() Hassel, OddOdd Hassel ![]() |
Delbrück, MaxMax Delbrück![]() ![]() Hershey, AlfredAlfred Hershey ![]() Luria, SalvadorSalvador Luria ![]() |
Beckett, SamuelSamuel Beckett![]() |
International Labour Organization | Frisch, RagnarRagnar Frisch![]() Tinbergen, JanJan Tinbergen ![]() |
1970 | Alfvén, HannesHannes Alfvén![]() Néel, LouisLouis Néel ![]() |
Leloir, Luis FedericoLuis Federico Leloir ![]() |
Axelrod, JuliusJulius Axelrod![]() von Euler, UlfUlf von Euler ![]() Katz, BernardBernard Katz ![]() |
Solzhenitsyn, AleksandrAleksandr Solzhenitsyn![]() |
Borlaug, NormanNorman Borlaug![]() |
Samuelson, PaulPaul Samuelson![]() |
1971 | Gabor, DennisDennis Gabor![]() |
Herzberg, GerhardGerhard Herzberg![]() |
Sutherland, Jr., Earl WilburEarl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.![]() |
Neruda, PabloPablo Neruda ![]() |
Brandt, WillyWilly Brandt ![]() |
Kuznets, SimonSimon Kuznets![]() |
1972 | Bardeen, JohnJohn Bardeen![]() Cooper, LeonLeon Cooper ![]() Schrieffer, John RobertJohn Robert Schrieffer ![]() |
Anfinsen, Christian B.Christian B. Anfinsen![]() Moore, StanfordStanford Moore ![]() Stein, William HowardWilliam Howard Stein ![]() |
Edelman, GeraldGerald Edelman![]() Porter, Rodney RobertRodney Robert Porter ![]() |
Böll, HeinrichHeinrich Böll![]() |
Neb | Hicks, JohnJohn Hicks![]() Arrow, KennethKenneth Arrow ![]() |
1973 | Esaki, LeoLeo Esaki![]() Giaever, IvarIvar Giaever ![]() Josephson, Brian DavidBrian David Josephson ![]() |
Fischer, Ernst OttoErnst Otto Fischer![]() Wilkinson, GeoffreyGeoffrey Wilkinson ![]() |
von Frisch, KarlKarl von Frisch![]() Lorenz, KonradKonrad Lorenz ![]() Tinbergen, NikolaasNikolaas Tinbergen ![]() |
White, PatrickPatrick White![]() |
Henry Kissinger![]() Lê Đức Thọ ![]() |
Leontief, WassilyWassily Leontief![]() |
1974 | Ryle, MartinMartin Ryle![]() Hewish, AntonyAntony Hewish ![]() |
Flory, PaulPaul Flory![]() |
Claude, AlbertAlbert Claude![]() de Duve, ChristianChristian de Duve ![]() Palade, George EmilGeorge Emil Palade ![]() |
Johnson, EyvindEyvind Johnson![]() Martinson, HarryHarry Martinson ![]() |
MacBride, SeánSeán MacBride![]() Satō, EisakuEisaku Satō ![]() |
Myrdal, GunnarGunnar Myrdal![]() Hayek, FriedrichFriedrich Hayek ![]() |
1975 | Bohr, AageAage Bohr![]() Mottelson, Ben RoyBen Roy Mottelson ![]() Rainwater, JamesJames Rainwater ![]() |
Cornforth, JohnJohn Cornforth![]() Prelog, VladimirVladimir Prelog ![]() |
Baltimore, DavidDavid Baltimore![]() Dulbecco, RenatoRenato Dulbecco ![]() Temin, Howard MartinHoward Martin Temin ![]() |
Montale, EugenioEugenio Montale![]() |
Sakharov, AndreiAndrei Sakharov![]() |
Kantorovich, LeonidLeonid Kantorovich![]() Koopmans, TjallingTjalling Koopmans ![]() |
1976 | Richter, BurtonBurton Richter![]() Ting, Samuel C. C.Samuel C. C. Ting ![]() |
Lipscomb, WilliamWilliam Lipscomb![]() |
Blumberg, Baruch SamuelBaruch Samuel Blumberg![]() Gajdusek, Daniel CarletonDaniel Carleton Gajdusek ![]() |
Bellow, SaulSaul Bellow![]() |
Betty Williams (heddychwr)![]() Mairead Corrigan ![]() |
Milton Friedman![]() |
1977 | Anderson, Philip WarrenPhilip Warren Anderson![]() Mott, Nevill FrancisNevill Francis Mott ![]() Van Vleck, John HasbrouckJohn Hasbrouck Van Vleck ![]() |
Prigogine, IlyaIlya Prigogine![]() |
Guillemin, RogerRoger Guillemin![]() Schally, AndrewAndrew Schally ![]() Yalow, Rosalyn SussmanRosalyn Sussman Yalow ![]() |
Aleixandre, VicenteVicente Aleixandre![]() |
Amnest Rhyngwladol | Ohlin, BertilBertil Ohlin![]() Meade, JamesJames Meade ![]() |
1978 | Kapitsa, PyotrPyotr Kapitsa![]() Penzias, Arno AllanArno Allan Penzias ![]() Wilson, Robert WoodrowRobert Woodrow Wilson ![]() |
Mitchell, Peter D.Peter D. Mitchell![]() |
Arber, WernerWerner Arber![]() Nathans, DanielDaniel Nathans ![]() Smith, Hamilton O.Hamilton O. Smith ![]() |
Singer, Isaac BashevisIsaac Bashevis Singer![]() |
Sadat, AnwarAnwar Sadat![]() Begin, MenachemMenachem Begin ![]() |
Herbert A. Simon![]() |
1979 | Glashow, Sheldon LeeSheldon Lee Glashow![]() Salam, AbdusAbdus Salam ![]() Weinberg, StevenSteven Weinberg ![]() |
Brown, Herbert C.Herbert C. Brown![]() Wittig, GeorgGeorg Wittig ![]() |
Cormack, Allan McLeodAllan McLeod Cormack![]() Hounsfield, GodfreyGodfrey Hounsfield ![]() |
Elytis, OdysseasOdysseas Elytis![]() |
Y Fam Teresa![]() |
Theodore Schultz![]() Lewis, ArthurArthur Lewis ![]() |
1980 | Cronin, JamesJames Cronin![]() Fitch, Val LogsdonVal Logsdon Fitch ![]() |
Berg, PaulPaul Berg![]() Gilbert, WalterWalter Gilbert ![]() Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger ![]() |
Benacerraf, BarujBaruj Benacerraf![]() Dausset, JeanJean Dausset ![]() Snell, George DavisGeorge Davis Snell ![]() |
Miłosz, CzesławCzesław Miłosz![]() |
Esquivel, Adolfo PérezAdolfo Pérez Esquivel![]() |
Klein, LawrenceLawrence Klein![]() |
1981 | Bloembergen, NicolaasNicolaas Bloembergen![]() Schawlow, Arthur LeonardArthur Leonard Schawlow ![]() Siegbahn, KaiKai Siegbahn ![]() |
Fukui, KenichiKenichi Fukui![]() Hoffmann, RoaldRoald Hoffmann ![]() |
Sperry, Roger WolcottRoger Wolcott Sperry![]() Hubel, David H.David H. Hubel ![]() Wiesel, TorstenTorsten Wiesel ![]() |
Elias Canetti![]() |
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | James Tobin![]() |
1982 | Wilson, Kenneth G.Kenneth G. Wilson![]() |
Klug, AaronAaron Klug![]() |
Bergström, SuneSune Bergström![]() Samuelsson, Bengt I.Bengt I. Samuelsson ![]() Vane, JohnJohn Vane ![]() |
Márquez, Gabriel GarcíaGabriel García Márquez![]() |
Myrdal, AlvaAlva Myrdal![]() Robles, Alfonso GarcíaAlfonso García Robles ![]() |
Stigler, GeorgeGeorge Stigler![]() |
1983 | Chandrasekhar, SubrahmanyanSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar![]() Fowler, William AlfredWilliam Alfred Fowler ![]() |
Taube, HenryHenry Taube![]() |
McClintock, BarbaraBarbara McClintock![]() |
Golding, WilliamWilliam Golding![]() |
Wałęsa, LechLech Wałęsa![]() |
Debreu, GérardGérard Debreu![]() |
1984 | Rubbia, CarloCarlo Rubbia![]() van der Meer, SimonSimon van der Meer ![]() |
Merrifield, Robert BruceRobert Bruce Merrifield![]() |
Jerne, Niels KajNiels Kaj Jerne![]() Köhler, Georges J. F.Georges J. F. Köhler ![]() Milstein, CésarCésar Milstein ![]() |
Seifert, JaroslavJaroslav Seifert | Tutu, DesmondDesmond Tutu![]() |
Stone, RichardRichard Stone![]() |
1985 | von Klitzing, KlausKlaus von Klitzing![]() |
Herbert A. Hauptman![]() Jerome Karle ![]() |
Brown, Michael StuartMichael Stuart Brown![]() Goldstein, Joseph L.Joseph L. Goldstein ![]() |
Claude Simon![]() |
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War | Franco Modigliani![]() |
1986 | Ruska, ErnstErnst Ruska![]() Binnig, GerdGerd Binnig ![]() Rohrer, HeinrichHeinrich Rohrer ![]() |
Herschbach, Dudley R.Dudley R. Herschbach![]() Lee, Yuan T.Yuan T. Lee ![]() Polanyi, JohnJohn Polanyi ![]() |
Cohen, StanleyStanley Cohen![]() Levi-Montalcini, RitaRita Levi-Montalcini ![]() |
Wole Soyinka![]() |
Wiesel, ElieElie Wiesel![]() |
Buchanan, James M.James M. Buchanan![]() |
1987 | Bednorz, Johannes GeorgJohannes Georg Bednorz![]() Müller, Karl AlexanderKarl Alexander Müller ![]() |
Cram, Donald J.Donald J. Cram![]() Lehn, Jean-MarieJean-Marie Lehn ![]() Pedersen, Charles J.Charles J. Pedersen ![]() |
Tonegawa, SusumuSusumu Tonegawa![]() |
Brodsky, JosephJoseph Brodsky![]() |
Arias, ÓscarÓscar Arias![]() |
Robert Solow![]() |
1988 | Lederman, Leon M.Leon M. Lederman![]() Schwartz, MelvinMelvin Schwartz ![]() Steinberger, JackJack Steinberger ![]() |
Deisenhofer, JohannJohann Deisenhofer![]() Huber, RobertRobert Huber ![]() Michel, HartmutHartmut Michel ![]() |
Black, James W.James W. Black![]() Elion, Gertrude B.Gertrude B. Elion ![]() Hitchings, George H.George H. Hitchings ![]() |
Mahfouz, NaguibNaguib Mahfouz![]() |
United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces![]() |
Allais, MauriceMaurice Allais![]() |
1989 | Ramsey, Jr., Norman FosterNorman Foster Ramsey, Jr.![]() Dehmelt, Hans GeorgHans Georg Dehmelt ![]() Paul, WolfgangWolfgang Paul ![]() |
Altman, SidneySidney Altman![]() Cech, ThomasThomas Cech ![]() |
Bishop, J. MichaelJ. Michael Bishop![]() Varmus, Harold E.Harold E. Varmus ![]() |
Camilo José Cela![]() |
Tenzin Gyatso | Trygve Haavelmo![]() |
1990 | Friedman, Jerome IsaacJerome Isaac Friedman![]() Kendall, Henry WayHenry Way Kendall ![]() Taylor, Richard E.Richard E. Taylor ![]() |
Corey, Elias JamesElias James Corey![]() |
Murray, JosephJoseph Murray![]() Thomas, E. DonnallE. Donnall Thomas ![]() |
Paz, OctavioOctavio Paz![]() |
Gorbachev, MikhailMikhail Gorbachev![]() |
Markowitz, HarryHarry Markowitz![]() Miller, MertonMerton Miller ![]() Sharpe, William F.William F. Sharpe ![]() |
1991 | Gennes, Pierre-Gilles dePierre-Gilles de Gennes![]() |
Ernst, Richard R.Richard R. Ernst![]() |
Neher, ErwinErwin Neher![]() Sakmann, BertBert Sakmann ![]() |
Gordimer, NadineNadine Gordimer![]() |
Suu Kyi, Aung SanAung San Suu Kyi![]() |
Coase, RonaldRonald Coase![]() |
1992 | Charpak, GeorgesGeorges Charpak![]() |
Marcus, Rudolph A.Rudolph A. Marcus![]() |
Fischer, Edmond H.Edmond H. Fischer![]() Krebs, Edwin G.Edwin G. Krebs ![]() |
Walcott, DerekDerek Walcott![]() |
Menchú, RigobertaRigoberta Menchú![]() |
Becker, GaryGary Becker![]() |
1993 | Hulse, Russell AlanRussell Alan Hulse![]() Taylor, Jr., Joseph HootonJoseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. ![]() |
Mullis, KaryKary Mullis![]() Smith, MichaelMichael Smith ![]() |
Roberts, Richard J.Richard J. Roberts![]() Sharp, Phillip AllenPhillip Allen Sharp ![]() |
Morrison, ToniToni Morrison![]() |
Mandela, NelsonNelson Mandela![]() de Klerk, F. W.F. W. de Klerk ![]() |
Fogel, RobertRobert Fogel![]() North, DouglassDouglass North ![]() |
1994 | Brockhouse, BertramBertram Brockhouse![]() Shull, CliffordClifford Shull ![]() |
Olah, George AndrewGeorge Andrew Olah![]() |
Gilman, Alfred G.Alfred G. Gilman![]() Rodbell, MartinMartin Rodbell ![]() |
Kenzaburō Ōe![]() |
Yasser Arafat![]() Shimon Peres ![]() Yitzhak Rabin ![]() |
John Harsanyi![]() John Forbes Nash, Jr. ![]() Reinhard Selten ![]() |
1995 | Perl, Martin LewisMartin Lewis Perl![]() Reines, FrederickFrederick Reines ![]() |
Crutzen, Paul J.Paul J. Crutzen![]() Molina, Mario J.Mario J. Molina ![]() Rowland, Frank SherwoodFrank Sherwood Rowland |
Lewis, Edward B.Edward B. Lewis![]() Nüsslein-Volhard, ChristianeChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard ![]() Wieschaus, Eric F.Eric F. Wieschaus ![]() |
Heaney, SeamusSeamus Heaney![]() |
Rotblat, JosephJoseph Rotblat![]() Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs |
Lucas, Jr., RobertRobert Lucas, Jr.![]() |
1996 | Lee, DavidDavid Lee![]() Osheroff, DouglasDouglas Osheroff ![]() Richardson, Robert ColemanRobert Coleman Richardson ![]() |
Curl Jr., Robert F.Robert F. Curl Jr.![]() Kroto, HarryHarry Kroto ![]() Smalley, RichardRichard Smalley ![]() |
Doherty, Peter C.Peter C. Doherty![]() Zinkernagel, Rolf M.Rolf M. Zinkernagel ![]() |
Szymborska, WisławaWisława Szymborska![]() |
Belo, Carlos Filipe XimenesCarlos Filipe Ximenes Belo Ramos-Horta, JoséJosé Ramos-Horta |
Mirrlees, JamesJames Mirrlees![]() Vickrey, WilliamWilliam Vickrey ![]() |
1997 | Chu, StevenSteven Chu![]() Cohen-Tannoudji, ClaudeClaude Cohen-Tannoudji ![]() Phillips, William DanielWilliam Daniel Phillips ![]() |
Boyer, Paul D.Paul D. Boyer![]() Walker, John E.John E. Walker ![]() Skou, Jens ChristianJens Christian Skou ![]() |
Prusiner, Stanley B.Stanley B. Prusiner![]() |
Fo, DarioDario Fo ![]() |
International Campaign to Ban Landmines Williams, JodyJody Williams ![]() |
Merton, Robert C.Robert C. Merton ![]() Scholes, MyronMyron Scholes ![]() ![]() |
1998 | Laughlin, Robert B.Robert B. Laughlin ![]() Störmer, Horst LudwigHorst Ludwig Störmer ![]() Tsui, Daniel C.Daniel C. Tsui ![]() |
Kohn, WalterWalter Kohn![]() Pople, JohnJohn Pople ![]() |
Furchgott, Robert F.Robert F. Furchgott![]() Ignarro, LouisLouis Ignarro ![]() Murad, FeridFerid Murad ![]() |
Saramago, JoséJosé Saramago ![]() |
Hume, JohnJohn Hume ![]() Trimble, DavidDavid Trimble ![]() |
Sen, AmartyaAmartya Sen ![]() |
1999 | Hooft, Gerard 'tGerard 't Hooft ![]() Veltman, Martinus J. G.Martinus J. G. Veltman ![]() |
Zewail, AhmedAhmed Zewail ![]() ![]() |
Blobel, GünterGünter Blobel ![]() ![]() |
Grass, GünterGünter Grass ![]() |
Médecins Sans Frontières | Mundell, RobertRobert Mundell ![]() |
2000 | Alferov, ZhoresZhores Alferov ![]() Kroemer, HerbertHerbert Kroemer ![]() ![]() Kilby, JackJack Kilby ![]() |
Heeger, Alan J.Alan J. Heeger![]() MacDiarmid, AlanAlan MacDiarmid ![]() ![]() Shirakawa, HidekiHideki Shirakawa ![]() |
Carlsson, ArvidArvid Carlsson ![]() Greengard, PaulPaul Greengard ![]() Kandel, EricEric Kandel ![]() |
Xingjian, GaoGao Xingjian ![]() |
Dae-jung, KimKim Dae-jung ![]() |
Heckman, JamesJames Heckman![]() McFadden, DanielDaniel McFadden ![]() |
2001 | Cornell, Eric AllinEric Allin Cornell![]() Ketterle, WolfgangWolfgang Ketterle ![]() Wieman, CarlCarl Wieman ![]() |
Knowles, William StandishWilliam Standish Knowles![]() Noyori, RyōjiRyōji Noyori ![]() Sharpless, Karl BarryKarl Barry Sharpless ![]() |
Hartwell, Leland H.Leland H. Hartwell![]() Hunt, TimTim Hunt ![]() Nurse, PaulPaul Nurse ![]() |
Naipaul, V. S.V. S. Naipaul ![]() |
Y Cenhedloedd Unedig Kofi Annan ![]() |
Akerlof, GeorgeGeorge Akerlof![]() Spence, MichaelMichael Spence ![]() Joseph Stiglitz ![]() |
2002 | Davis, Jr., RaymondRaymond Davis, Jr.![]() Koshiba, MasatoshiMasatoshi Koshiba ![]() Giacconi, RiccardoRiccardo Giacconi ![]() |
Fenn, JohnJohn Fenn![]() Tanaka, KoichiKoichi Tanaka ![]() Wüthrich, KurtKurt Wüthrich ![]() |
Brenner, SydneySydney Brenner ![]() Horvitz, H. RobertH. Robert Horvitz ![]() Sulston, JohnJohn Sulston ![]() |
Kertész, ImreImre Kertész ![]() |
Jimmy Carter![]() |
Kahneman, DanielDaniel Kahneman![]() Smith, Vernon L.Vernon L. Smith ![]() |
2003 | Abrikosov, Alexei AlexeyevichAlexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov ![]() Ginzburg, VitalyVitaly Ginzburg ![]() Leggett, Anthony JamesAnthony James Leggett ![]() |
Agre, PeterPeter Agre![]() MacKinnon, RoderickRoderick MacKinnon ![]() |
Lauterbur, PaulPaul Lauterbur ![]() Mansfield, PeterPeter Mansfield ![]() |
Coetzee, J. M.J. M. Coetzee ![]() |
Ebadi, ShirinShirin Ebadi ![]() |
Engle, Robert F.Robert F. Engle![]() Granger, CliveClive Granger ![]() |
2004 | Gross, DavidDavid Gross![]() Politzer, Hugh DavidHugh David Politzer ![]() Wilczek, FrankFrank Wilczek ![]() |
Ciechanover, AaronAaron Ciechanover ![]() Hershko, AvramAvram Hershko ![]() Rose, IrwinIrwin Rose ![]() |
Axel, RichardRichard Axel ![]() Buck, Linda B.Linda B. Buck ![]() |
Jelinek, ElfriedeElfriede Jelinek ![]() |
Maathai, WangariWangari Maathai ![]() |
Kydland, Finn E.Finn E. Kydland ![]() Prescott, Edward C.Edward C. Prescott ![]() |
2005 | Glauber, Roy J.Roy J. Glauber![]() Hall, John L.John L. Hall ![]() Hänsch, Theodor W.Theodor W. Hänsch ![]() |
Chauvin, YvesYves Chauvin ![]() Grubbs, Robert H.Robert H. Grubbs ![]() Schrock, Richard R.Richard R. Schrock ![]() |
Marshall, BarryBarry Marshall ![]() Warren, RobinRobin Warren ![]() |
Pinter, HaroldHarold Pinter ![]() |
Yr Asiantaeth Ynni Atomig Ryngwladol Mohamed ElBaradei ![]() |
Aumann, RobertRobert Aumann ![]() Schelling, ThomasThomas Schelling ![]() |
2006 | Mather, John C.John C. Mather![]() Smoot, GeorgeGeorge Smoot ![]() |
Kornberg, Roger D.Roger D. Kornberg![]() |
Fire, AndrewAndrew Fire ![]() Mello, CraigCraig Mello ![]() |
Pamuk, OrhanOrhan Pamuk ![]() |
Yunus, MuhammadMuhammad Yunus ![]() Grameen Bank ![]() |
Phelps, EdmundEdmund Phelps![]() |
2007 | Fert, AlbertAlbert Fert ![]() Grünberg, PeterPeter Grünberg ![]() |
Ertl, GerhardGerhard Ertl ![]() |
Capecchi, MarioMario Capecchi ![]() Evans, MartinMartin Evans ![]() Smithies, OliverOliver Smithies ![]() |
Doris Lessing![]() |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Al Gore ![]() |
Leonid Hurwicz![]() Eric Maskin ![]() Roger Myerson ![]() |
2008 | Nambu, YoichiroYoichiro Nambu ![]() Kobayashi, MakotoMakoto Kobayashi ![]() Maskawa, ToshihideToshihide Maskawa ![]() |
Shimomura, OsamuOsamu Shimomura ![]() Chalfie, MartinMartin Chalfie ![]() Tsien, Roger Y.Roger Y. Tsien ![]() |
zur Hausen, HaraldHarald zur Hausen ![]() Barré-Sinoussi, FrançoiseFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi ![]() Montagnier, LucLuc Montagnier ![]() |
Le Clézio, J. M. G.J. M. G. Le Clézio ![]() |
Ahtisaari, MarttiMartti Ahtisaari ![]() |
Krugman, PaulPaul Krugman![]() |
2009 | Kao, Charles K.Charles K. Kao ![]() Boyle, Willard S.Willard S. Boyle ![]() Smith, George E.George E. Smith ![]() |
Ramakrishnan, VenkatramanVenkatraman Ramakrishnan ![]() Steitz, Thomas A.Thomas A. Steitz ![]() Yonath, AdaAda Yonath ![]() |
Blackburn, ElizabethElizabeth Blackburn ![]() Greider, Carol W.Carol W. Greider ![]() Szostak, Jack W.Jack W. Szostak ![]() |
Müller, HertaHerta Müller ![]() |
Barack Obama![]() |
Ostrom, ElinorElinor Ostrom![]() Williamson, Oliver E.Oliver E. Williamson ![]() |
2010 | Andre Geim![]() Novoselov, KonstantinKonstantin Novoselov ![]() |
Richard F. Heck![]() Negishi, Ei-ichiEi-ichi Negishi ![]() Suzuki, AkiraAkira Suzuki ![]() |
Robert G. Edwards ![]() |
Mario Vargas Llosa![]() |
Liu Xiaobo![]() |
Diamond, Peter A.Peter A. Diamond![]() Mortensen, Dale T.Dale T. Mortensen ![]() Pissarides, Christopher A.Christopher A. Pissarides ![]() |
2011 | Perlmutter, SaulSaul Perlmutter![]() Riess, Adam G.Adam G. Riess ![]() Schmidt, BrianBrian Schmidt ![]() |
Shechtman, DanDan Shechtman ![]() |
Beutler, BruceBruce Beutler![]() Hoffmann, Jules A.Jules A. Hoffmann ![]() Steinman, Ralph M.Ralph M. Steinman ![]() |
Tranströmer, TomasTomas Tranströmer ![]() |
Sirleaf, Ellen JohnsonEllen Johnson Sirleaf ![]() Gbowee, LeymahLeymah Gbowee ![]() Tawakkol Karman ![]() |
Sargent, Thomas J.Thomas J. Sargent![]() Sims, Christopher A.Christopher A. Sims ![]() |
2012 | Haroche, SergeSerge Haroche ![]() J. Wineland, DavidDavid J. Wineland ![]() |
Kobilka, Brian K.Brian K. Kobilka![]() Lefkowitz, Robert J.Robert J. Lefkowitz ![]() |
Gurdon, John B.John B. Gurdon ![]() Yamanaka, Shinya Shinya Yamanaka ![]() |
Yan, MoMo Yan ![]() |
Yr Undeb Ewropeaidd | Roth, Alvin E.Alvin E. Roth![]() Shapley, Lloyd S.Lloyd S. Shapley ![]() |
2013 | François Englert![]() Higgs, Peter W.Peter W. Higgs ![]() |
Karplus, MartinMartin Karplus![]() Levitt, MichaelMichael Levitt ![]() Warshel, AriehArieh Warshel ![]() |
Rothman, James E.James E. Rothman![]() Schekman, Randy W.Randy W. Schekman ![]() Südhof, Thomas C.Thomas C. Südhof ![]() |
Alice Munro![]() |
for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, OrganisationOrganisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | Fama, Eugene F.Eugene F. Fama![]() Hansen, Lars PeterLars Peter Hansen ![]() Shiller, Robert J.Robert J. Shiller ![]() |
2014 | Akasaki, IsamuIsamu Akasaki ![]() Amano, HiroshiHiroshi Amano ![]() Nakamura, ShujiShuji Nakamura ![]() |
Betzig, EricEric Betzig![]() Hell, StefanStefan Hell ![]() William Moerner ![]() |
John O'Keefe![]() May-Britt Moser ![]() Edvard Moser ![]() |
Modiano, PatrickPatrick Modiano ![]() |
Satyarthi, KailashKailash Satyarthi ![]() Yousafzai, MalalaMalala Yousafzai ![]() |
Jean Tirole![]() |
2015 | Kajita, TakaakiTakaaki Kajita ![]() McDonald, Arthur B.Arthur B. McDonald ![]() |
Lindahl, TomasTomas Lindahl ![]() Modrich, Paul L.Paul L. Modrich ![]() Sancar, AzizAziz Sancar ![]() |
Campbell, William C.William C. Campbell ![]() Ōmura, SatoshiSatoshi Ōmura ![]() Youyou, TuTu Youyou ![]() |
Alexievich, SvetlanaSvetlana Alexievich ![]() |
National Dialogue Quartet, TunisianTunisian National Dialogue Quartet ![]() |
Deaton, AngusAngus Deaton ![]() |
2016 | J. Thouless, DavidDavid J. Thouless ![]() Haldane, DuncanDuncan Haldane ![]() Kosterlitz, John M.John M. Kosterlitz ![]() |
Sauvage, Jean-PierreJean-Pierre Sauvage ![]() Stoddart, FraserFraser Stoddart ![]() Feringa, BenBen Feringa ![]() |
Ohsumi, YoshinoriYoshinori Ohsumi ![]() |
Bob Dylan![]() |
Juan Manuel Santos![]() |
Oliver Hart![]() Bengt R. Holmström ![]() |
2017 | Weiss, RainerRainer Weiss ![]() Barish, BarryBarry Barish ![]() Thorne, KipKip Thorne ![]() |
Dubochet, JacquesJacques Dubochet ![]() Frank, JoachimJoachim Frank ![]() Henderson, RichardRichard Henderson ![]() |
Hall, Jeffrey C.Jeffrey C. Hall![]() Rosbash, MichaelMichael Rosbash ![]() Young, Michael W.Michael W. Young ![]() |
Ishiguro, KazuoKazuo Ishiguro![]() |
Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, InternationalInternational Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons | Richard Thaler![]() |
2018 | Arthur Ashkin![]() Gérard Mourou ![]() Donna Strickland ![]() |
Arnold, Frances H.Frances H. Arnold![]() Smith, George P.George P. Smith ![]() Winter, GregGreg Winter ![]() |
James P.Allison![]() Tasuku Honjo ![]() |
Olga Tokarczuk![]() |
Mukwege, DenisDenis Mukwege ![]() Murad, NadiaNadia Murad ![]() |
William Nordhaus![]() Paul Romer ![]() |
2019 | James Peebles![]() ![]() Michel Mayor ![]() Didier Queloz ![]() |
John B. Goodenough![]() M. Stanley Whittingham ![]() ![]() Akira Yoshino ![]() |
William Kaelin Jr.![]() Peter J. Ratcliffe ![]() Gregg L. Semenza ![]() |
Peter Handke![]() |
Abiy Ahmed![]() |
Abhijit Banerjee![]() Esther Duflo ![]() ![]() Michael Kremer ![]() |
2020 | Roger Penrose![]() Reinhard Genzel ![]() Andrea M. Ghez ![]() |
Emmanuelle Charpentier![]() Jennifer Doudna ![]() |
Harvey J. Alter![]() Michael Houghton ![]() Charles M. Rice ![]() |
Louise Glück![]() |
World Food Programme | Paul Milgrom![]() Robert B. Wilson ![]() |
2021 | Syukuro Manabe![]() ![]() Klaus Hasselmann ![]() Giorgio Parisi ![]() |
Benjamin List![]() David MacMillan ![]() |
David Julius![]() Ardem Patapoutian ![]() ![]() |
Abdulrazak Gurnah![]() ![]() |
Maria Ressa![]() Dmitry Muratov ![]() |
David Card![]() ![]() Joshua Angrist ![]() ![]() Guido Imbens ![]() ![]() |
Ffiseg | Cemeg | Ffisioleg neu Feddygaeth | Lenyddol | Heddwch | Economeg |
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