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蜡.
蜡通常在狭义上是指脂肪酸、一价或二价的脂醇和熔点较高的油状物质;广义上通常是指具有某些类似性状的油脂等物质。在不同的场合下对于‘蜡’的定义也有所区别。但在广义上,蜡通常是在指植物、动物或者矿物等所产生的某种常温下为固体、加热后容易液化或者气化、容易燃烧、不溶于水、具有一定的润滑作用的混合物。
通常意义上,蜡指的是有長烷鏈的有機化合物。自然界的蜡通常是脂肪酸以及長鏈的醇所形成的酯類,而人造臘通常為無官能基的長鏈碳氫化合物。
- 大豆蠟
- 木蠟
- 楊梅蠟
- 小燭樹蠟/堪地里蠟
- 日本精蠟
- 棕櫚蠟
- 米糠蠟
- 荷荷芭油
- 蓖麻蠟
- 微晶蜡来自石油的一种烷烃类的混合物,主要由C26以上的正构、异构和环烷烃组成,且碳原子的分布较宽,碳氢比在1.85左右。微晶蜡具有硬度小、柔韧性好,受力下倾向于塑性流动,延伸度大,挠性好。微晶蜡具有很好的亲油性,在油品中更容易分散,能有效增强油品凝胶强度。微晶蜡广泛用于食品、化工、军工、冶金等行业,发挥防潮、防腐、上光、绝缘、防锈等作用。微晶蜡在特种蜡行业能够很好的改善目的产品的性能。例如在石蜡中添加合适的微晶蜡能改变普通石蜡的晶型,改善石蜡的抗水性和渗透性,增加石蜡的抗弯强度,提高塑性和挠性,从而扩大石蜡的适用范围。
- 石油膏
通常是由碳氫化合物合成
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