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蜂蜡 .
蜂蜡 (英語:Beeswax ),也叫蜜蠟 、黃蠟 ,是蜜蜂 工蜂 分泌的蜡 。蜜蜂用蜂蜡在蜂巢 裡建分隔的房间,用来育幼或储存花粉 。
蜂蜡
来源
新鲜蜂蜡(下中)与火柴(上)、花粉球(中)、及蜜蜂翅膀(下左)的尺寸对比 养蜂人正在将蜂蜡刮下 工蜂拥有四對蜡腺,位于腹部第4至7节。蜂蜡即蜡腺的分泌物。刚羽化成的最年輕的工蜂,其主要職責是照管和飼養幼蟲。當看管幼虫的工作要告一段落时,年輕的工蜂要離巢作短距離的飛翔,十天以后,蜡腺开始分泌蜂蜡。工蜂分泌蜂蜡的理想環境温度為33至36摄氏度。一只工蜂要食用八份蜂蜜 来分泌一份蜂蜡。
新鲜蜂蜡透明无色(见圖),工蜂咀嚼后变为不透明。蜂巢中的蜡接近于白色,但在花粉 的油及蜂胶 的作用下逐渐变成黄或棕色。养蜂人在从蜂巢 中采集蜂蜜的同时,也会将蜂蜡刮下作其他用途。
属性及成分
成分
含量
烃类
14%
单酯 (monoesters)
35%
二酯 (diesters)
14%
三酯 (triesters)
3%
羟基酯 (hydroxy monoesters)
4%
羟基聚酯 (hydroxy polyesters)
8%
酯酸 (acid esters)
1%
聚酯酸 (acid polyesters)
2%
脂肪酸 (fatty acids)
12%
脂肪醇 (fatty alcohols)
1%
不明
6%
蜂蜡的大致化学分子式为:C15 H31 COOC30 H61 。其主要成分是棕榈酸 (palmitate)、棕榈油酸 (palmitoleate)、羟基棕榈酸(hydroxypalmitate)及长链脂肪醇 类。
蜂蜡的熔点 在62至64摄氏度之间。当加热到85摄氏度以上时蜂蜡开始变色。蜂蜡的闪点 为204.4摄氏度。在15摄氏度的环境下其密度为0.958至0.970克/厘米3 。
用途
蜂蜡塊 蜂蜡蜡烛与工艺品 食品。蜂蠟無色無味,質地稍韌、較難咬斷。
蜡烛
食品添加剂 ,编号E901(上光剂)
发蜡 、鞋油 、木蜡、模型蜡等的成分
蜡染
蜂蜡布
中药
蜂蜡,是一味中药,味甘、淡,性平,归脾、胃、大肠经,有养脾胃,润肺腑,止泄痢之功效。[1]
参考资料
^ 《纲目》:蜜之气味俱厚,故养脾。蜡之气味俱薄,故养胃。厚者味甘而性缓质柔,故润脏腑。薄者味淡而性啬质坚,故止泄痢。张仲景治痢有调气饮,《千金方》治痢有胶蜡汤,其效甚捷,盖有见于此欤。
参见
蜜蜂
蜂群分工 生命周期
蜜蜂的生命週期
蜂的育雛
蜂的學習與溝通方法
蜂擁
蜜蜂品種 蜜蜂保育 蜜蜂養殖 产品 蜜蜂疾病
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