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以下是有國際音標符號的元音,來自元音模板。每個元音的名稱翻譯自英文名稱。
以下是教育學院拼音方案 。無括號字母是拼音,方括號內者是國際音標,冒號代表長音。為方便閱讀,韻母表盡量取聲母為[k] 的字,括號內的字除外。有關粵語及其拼音方案的詳情,請參閱相關條目。
根據下列國際音標整理出來的元音圖:
聲母
不送氣塞音
送氣塞音
鼻音
擦音
無擦通音
b [p] 巴
p [pʰ] 怕
m [m] 媽
f [f] 花
d [t] 打
t [tʰ] 他
n [n] 那
l [l] 啦
g [k] 家
k [kʰ] 卡
ng [ŋ] 牙
h [h] 哈
gw [kʷ] 瓜
kw [kʷʰ] 誇
w [w] 蛙
dz [ts] 渣
ts [tsʰ] 叉
s [s] 沙
j [j] 也
韻腹和韻尾
韻腹
aa [aː] 家
a [ɐ] 九
e [ɛː]/[e] 些
i [iː] 之
o [ɔː]/[o] 哥
u [uː]/[ʊ] 姑
oe [œː]/[ɵ] 靴/居
y [yː] 於
韻尾
p [p] 甲
t [t] 吉
k [k] 格
m [m] 金
n [n] 巾
ng [ŋ] 經
i [i] 基
u [u] 高
韻母
行列
i
u
y
m
n
ng
p
t
k
aa
aa [aː] 家
aai [aːi] 街
aau [aːu] 交
aam [aːm] 監
aan [aːn] 艱
aang [aːŋ] 耕
aap [aːp] 甲
aat [aːt] (壓)
aak [aːk] 格
a
ai [ɐi] 雞
au [ɐu] 九
am [ɐm] 金
an [ɐn] 巾
ang [ɐŋ] 羹
ap [ɐp] 急
at [ɐt] 吉
ak [ɐk] (北)
e
e [ɛː] (些)
ei [ei] 基
eu [ɛːu] 掉[1]
em [ɛːm] 舐*
eng [ɛːŋ] 頸
ep [ɛːp] 夾[2]
ek [ɛːk] (劈)
i
i [iː] (之)
iu [iːu] 嬌
im [iːm] 兼
in [iːn] 堅
ing [ɪŋ] 經
ip [iːp] 劫
it [iːt] 結
ik [iːk] 激
o
o [ɔː] 哥
oi [ɔːi] 該
ou [ou] 高
on [ɔːn] 肝
ong [ɔːŋ] 江
ot [ɔːt] 割
ok [ɔːk] 各
oe
oe [œː] (靴)
oey [ɵy] 居
oen [ɵn] (倫)
oeng [œːŋ] 薑
oet [ɵt] (出)
oek [œːk] 腳
u
u [uː] 姑
ui [uːi] (妹)
un [uːn] 官
ung [ʊŋ] 工
ut [uːt] (活)
uk [ʊk] 谷
y
y [yː] (於)
yn [yːn] 鵑
yt [yːt] (血)
鼻音(獨立)韻
m [m̩] 唔[3]
ng [ŋ] 吳[4]
^ 口語異讀音
^ 唔和吳韻是輔音音節,故此其國際音標之下加上一畫
聲調 - 九聲六調
聲調
陰平
陰上
陰去
陽平
陽上
陽去
陰入
中入
陽入
調值
55/53
35
33
21/11
13
22
5
3
2
例字
分
粉
訓
焚
奮
份
忽
發
佛
聲調數字
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 (1)
8 (3)
9 (6)
拼音
fan1
fan2
fan3
fan4
fan5
fan6
fat7 (1)
faat8 (3)
fat9 (6)
分別
教育學院拼音方案
香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案 (簡稱粵拼)
元音[œː] 和[ɵ]
以oe代表
以oe和eo代表
元音[y]
以y代表
以yu代表
輔音[ts]
dz
z
輔音[tsʰ]
ts
c
聲調數字
1至9;7、8和9可以寫成1、3和6
只有1至6
根據下列國際音標及其他符號整理出來的元音圖:
單元音名稱:
a[A]:開央不圓唇元音(符號應為小細楷字母A)
o[o] :中後圓唇元音(符號應為上字母o、下字母c;韻母uo之o符號亦然)
e[ɤ] :半閉後不圓唇元音
ê[E]:中前不圓唇元音(符號應為小細楷字母E)
i[i] :閉前不圓唇元音
u[u] :閉後圓唇元音
ü[y] :閉前圓唇元音
er[ər] :中央捲舌元音
-i(前)[ɿ] :舌尖前不圓唇元音(國際音標符號為[z̩] )
-i(後)[ʅ] :舌尖後不圓唇元音(國際音標符號為[ʐ̩] ) 以上附有備註的符號,可參看國際音標不再使用或非標準的符號 。
雙唇音
唇齒音
齒齦音
捲舌音
齦顎音
軟顎音
塞音
b [p]
p [pʰ]
d [t]
t [tʰ]
g [k]
k [kʰ]
鼻音
m [m]
n [n]
擦音
f [f]
s [s]
sh [ʂ]
r [ʐ] [5]
x [ɕ]
h [x]
破擦音
z [ʦ]
c [ʦʰ]
zh [ʈʂ]
ch [ʈʂʰ]
j [tɕ]
q [tɕʰ]
邊音
l [l]
無擦通音
r ([ɻ]) [6]
^ 標準者為[ʐ]
y和w是隔音字母。齊齒呼零聲母音節以y開頭,實際發音帶半元音[j] ;合口呼零聲母音節以w開頭,實際發音帶半元音[w] 或[ʋ] ;撮口呼零聲母音節以y(yu)開頭,實際發音帶有半元音[ɥ] 。四者仍屬輔音類。
不以輔音為首的音節,稱為零聲母
韻母
韻頭類別
開口呼
齊齒呼
合口呼
撮口呼
單[7] 複韻母
i [i]
u [u]
ü [y]
a [A]
ia [iA]
ua [uA]
o [o]
uo [uo]
e [ɤ]
ie [iE]
üe [yE]
ai [aɪ]
uai [uaɪ]
ei [eɪ]
uei [ueɪ]
ao [ɑʊ]
iao [iɑʊ]
ou [əʊ]
iou [iəʊ]
ê [E]
-i(前)[ɿ] [8]
-i(後)[ʅ] [9]
er [ər]
鼻韻母
an [an]
ian [iæn]
uan [uan]
üan [yæn]
en [ən]
in [in]
uen [uən]
ün [yn]
ang [ɑŋ]
iang [iɑŋ]
uang [uɑŋ]
eng [ɤŋ]
ing [iŋ]
ueng [uɤŋ]
ong [ʊŋ]
iong [iʊŋ]
^ a、o、e、ê、i(-i)、u、ü和er
韻頭(介音):i、u、ü
韻腹:a、o、e、ê
韻尾:i、o(實際發音接近u)、u、n、ng
^ 只與z、c、s相拼
^ 只與zh、ch、sh、r相拼
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