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User:Xieza/yuyan

元音

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以下是有國際音標符號的元音,來自元音模板。每個元音的名稱翻譯自英文名稱。

次前 次後
i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
• ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
a • ɶ
ɑ • ɒ
次閉
半閉
半開
次開

粵語

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以下是教育學院拼音方案。無括號字母是拼音,方括號內者是國際音標,冒號代表長音。為方便閱讀,韻母表盡量取聲母為[k]的字,括號內的字除外。有關粵語及其拼音方案的詳情,請參閱相關條目。

聲韻

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根據下列國際音標整理出來的元音圖:

次前 次後
i • y
 • u
ɪ • 
• ʊ
e • 
 • ɵ
 • o
ɛ • œ
 • ɔ
a • 
次閉
半閉
半開
次開

聲母
不送氣塞音 送氣塞音 鼻音 擦音 無擦通音
b [p] p [pʰ] m [m] f [f]
d [t] t [tʰ] n [n] l [l]
g [k] k [kʰ] ng [ŋ] h [h]
gw [kʷ] kw [kʷʰ] w [w]
dz [ts] ts [tsʰ] s [s] j [j]
韻母
行列 i u y m n ng p t k
aa aa [aː] aai [aːi] aau [aːu] aam [aːm] aan [aːn] aang [aːŋ] aap [aːp] aat [aːt] (壓) aak [aːk]
a ai [ɐi] au [ɐu] am [ɐm] an [ɐn] ang [ɐŋ] ap [ɐp] at [ɐt] ak [ɐk] (北)
e e [ɛː] (些) ei [ei] eu [ɛːu][1] em [ɛːm] 舐* eng [ɛːŋ] ep [ɛːp][2] ek [ɛːk] (劈)
i i [iː] (之) iu [iːu] im [iːm] in [iːn] ing [ɪŋ] ip [iːp] it [iːt] ik [iːk]
o o [ɔː] oi [ɔːi] ou [ou] on [ɔːn] ong [ɔːŋ] ot [ɔːt] ok [ɔːk]
oe oe [œː] (靴) oey [ɵy] oen [ɵn] (倫) oeng [œːŋ] oet [ɵt] (出) oek [œːk]
u u [uː] ui [uːi] (妹) un [uːn] ung [ʊŋ] ut [uːt] (活) uk [ʊk]
y y [yː] (於) yn [yːn] yt [yːt] (血)
鼻音(獨立)韻 m [m̩][3] ng [ŋ][4]
  • ^ 口語異讀音
  • ^ 唔和吳韻是輔音音節,故此其國際音標之下加上一畫

聲調

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聲調 - 九聲六調
聲調 陰平 陰上 陰去 陽平 陽上 陽去 陰入 中入 陽入
調值 55/53 35 33 21/11 13 22 5 3 2
例字
聲調數字 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (1) 8 (3) 9 (6)
拼音 fan1 fan2 fan3 fan4 fan5 fan6 fat7 (1) faat8 (3) fat9 (6)

與粵拼比較

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分別 教育學院拼音方案 香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案 (簡稱粵拼)
元音[œː][ɵ] 以oe代表 以oe和eo代表
元音[y] 以y代表 以yu代表
輔音[ts] dz z
輔音[tsʰ] ts c
聲調數字 1至9;7、8和9可以寫成1、3和6 只有1至6

普通話

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聲韻

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根據下列國際音標及其他符號整理出來的元音圖:

次前 次後
i • y
 • u
ɪ • 
• ʊ
e • 
 • (ɵ)
ɤ • 
(E) • 
 • (o)
a • 
(A)
ɑ • 
次閉
半閉
半開
次開

單元音名稱:

  • a[A]:開央不圓唇元音(符號應為小細楷字母A)
  • o[o]:中後圓唇元音(符號應為上字母o、下字母c;韻母uo之o符號亦然)
  • e[ɤ]:半閉後不圓唇元音
  • ê[E]:中前不圓唇元音(符號應為小細楷字母E)
  • i[i]:閉前不圓唇元音
  • u[u]:閉後圓唇元音
  • ü[y]:閉前圓唇元音
  • er[ər]:中央捲舌元音
  • -i(前)[ɿ]:舌尖前不圓唇元音(國際音標符號為[z̩]
  • -i(後)[ʅ]:舌尖後不圓唇元音(國際音標符號為[ʐ̩]

以上附有備註的符號,可參看國際音標不再使用或非標準的符號

雙唇音 唇齒音 齒齦音 捲舌音 齦顎音 軟顎音
塞音 b [p] p [pʰ] d [t] t [tʰ] g [k] k [kʰ]
鼻音 m [m] n [n]
擦音 f [f] s [s] sh [ʂ] r [ʐ][5] x [ɕ] h [x]
破擦音 z [ʦ] c [ʦʰ] zh [ʈʂ] ch [ʈʂʰ] j [tɕ] q [tɕʰ]
邊音 l [l]
無擦通音 r ([ɻ])[6]
  • ^ 標準者為[ʐ]
  • y和w是隔音字母。齊齒呼零聲母音節以y開頭,實際發音帶半元音[j];合口呼零聲母音節以w開頭,實際發音帶半元音[w][ʋ];撮口呼零聲母音節以y(yu)開頭,實際發音帶有半元音[ɥ]。四者仍屬輔音類。
  • 不以輔音為首的音節,稱為零聲母
韻母
韻頭類別 開口呼 齊齒呼 合口呼 撮口呼
[7]複韻母 i [i] u [u] ü [y]
a [A] ia [iA] ua [uA]
o [o] uo [uo]
e [ɤ] ie [iE] üe [yE]
ai [aɪ] uai [uaɪ]
ei [eɪ] uei [ueɪ]
ao [ɑʊ] iao [iɑʊ]
ou [əʊ] iou [iəʊ]
ê [E]
-i(前)[ɿ][8]
-i(後)[ʅ][9]
er [ər]
鼻韻母 an [an] ian [iæn] uan [uan] üan [yæn]
en [ən] in [in] uen [uən] ün [yn]
ang [ɑŋ] iang [iɑŋ] uang [uɑŋ]
eng [ɤŋ] ing [iŋ] ueng [uɤŋ]
ong [ʊŋ] iong [iʊŋ]
  • ^ a、o、e、ê、i(-i)、u、ü和er
  • 韻頭(介音):i、u、ü
  • 韻腹:a、o、e、ê
  • 韻尾:i、o(實際發音接近u)、u、n、ng
  • ^ 只與z、c、s相拼
  • ^ 只與zh、ch、sh、r相拼
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User:Xieza/yuyan
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