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主题:物理學/本日推薦/12

平均粒子數和能量的關係

费米–狄拉克统计,有时也简称费米统计,在统计力学中用来描述由大量满足泡利不相容原理费米子组成的系统中,粒子处在不同量子态上的统计规律。这个统计规律的命名来源于恩里科·费米保罗·狄拉克,他们分别独立地发现了这一统计规律。不过费米在数据定义比狄拉克稍早。

费米–狄拉克统计的适用对象是,热平衡时自旋量子数为半奇数的粒子。除此之外,应用此统计规律的前提是,系统中各粒子之间的相互作用可以忽略不计。这样,就可以用粒子在不同定态的分布状况来描述大量微观粒子组成的宏观系统。不同的粒子分处于不同的能态上,这一特点对系统许多性质会产生影响。费米–狄拉克统计适用于自旋量子数为半奇数的粒子,这些粒子也被称为费米子。由于电子的自旋量子数为1/2,因此它是费米–狄拉克统计最普遍的应用对象。费米–狄拉克统计是统计力学的重要组成部分,它利用了量子力学的一些原理...

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主题:物理學/本日推薦/12
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