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通用指示剂

廣用試紙

通用指示劑(英語:Universal indicator)又称广用指示劑廣泛試劑,是由几种化合物溶液制成的pH指示剂,颜色变化平滑,表现的pH值范围极广,以指示溶液的酸鹼度

尽管市面上有多種通用指示劑,但大部分都是从1933年山田忍日语山田忍的專利配方變化而來。[1]專利細節可在《化學文摘》找到。[2]化學教育學報英语Journal of Chemical Education》也刊登了山田通用指示剂的实验。[3]

通用指示剂通常由水、1-丙醇酚酞氢氧化钠甲基红溴百里酚蓝亚硫酸氢钠百里酚蓝组成。加入通用指示剂后,指示溶液pH值的颜色如下

pH值 描述 颜色
<3 强酸
3至6 弱酸 橘黄
7 中性 绿
8至11 弱碱
>11 强碱 靛紫

黄到红色表示酸性溶液,蓝到紫色表示碱性溶液,绿色表示溶液为中性

成分
指示剂 低pH值的颜色 颜色指示的pH值区间 高pH值的颜色
百里酚蓝(第一次颜色过渡) 1.2至2.8
甲基橙 3.2至4.4
甲基红 4.8至6.0
溴百里酚蓝 6.0至7.6
百里酚蓝(第二次颜色过渡) 8.0至9.6
酚酞 无色 08.3至10.0 品红

pH试纸用广泛试剂制成,颜色分别代表0到14的pH值。购买特定试纸时,会提供颜色匹配表,即标准比色卡。

试剂配方

[编辑]
pH值:約7 569
蒸氣壓:25mmHg(3.3kPa)
蒸氣密度:1.3kg/m³

配方成分如下:[4]

酚酞 1.3克
溴百里酚藍 0.9克
甲基紅 0.4克
百里酚藍 0.2克

把以上四種指示劑的质量量度好,然後溶解在一公升70至80%酒精(或普通工業酒精)。

各種成分所佔百分率如下[5]

62.1%
異丙醇 37%
甲醇 0.8%
酚酞 0.03%
溴百里酚藍 0.03%
百里酚藍 0.03%
甲基紅 0.02%

完全溶解後,再加少量0.1M氫氧化鈉溶液,剛變綠即可使用。如備製試紙,可用濾紙吸取試液後陰乾備用。

資料來源

[编辑]
  1. ^ Jap. Pat. 99,664, Feb 21, 1933
  2. ^ Chem Abstr, 28, 2258 (1934)
  3. ^ 為關於這些實驗的討論,並且山田和其他廣範試劑的配方,請見Foster, S.F. and Gruntfest, J.Chem.Educ., 14, 274(1937)
  4. ^ "Universal Indicator 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2006-09-25.". ISCID Encyclopedia of Science and Philosophy.
  5. ^ Science Lab.com [[Category:包含沒有參數的PDFlink]]PDF. [2012-09-03]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-14).  网址-维基内链冲突 (帮助)
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通用指示剂
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