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培养皿

玻璃培養皿的下半部

培養皿(英語:Petri dish, Petrie dish, Petri plate, cell-culture dish),以德國細菌學朱利斯·理察·佩特里之名命名[1],是一種淺圓柱形且附蓋的玻璃或塑膠碟子,用以培養如細菌或小型苔蘚[2]等細胞[3]

現代的培養皿在其底部,有著獨特的環狀突起或凹槽,以避免數個培養皿堆疊時互相滑動。多個培養皿也可以放置在一個塑膠容器當中,做成一個「多孔盤」(multi-well plate)。玻璃的培養皿經過殺菌(如以高壓釜或以熱空氣滅菌器進行160°C乾燥加熱滅菌)後可以重複使用,而塑膠的培養皿通常會在實驗過後予以(或與培養物一起)拋棄,以避免污染。

微生物學

生長著細菌菌落的培養皿,其培養基基底為洋菜

培養皿通常會使用瓊脂平板,以進行微生物研究英语Microbiological culture,其中會部分充填液態洋菜,並混合特定成分,如營養物、血液、類、糖類、染劑、指示劑、胺基酸抗體等。當洋菜冷卻固化之後,就可以將充滿微生物的樣本接種於該培養皿上。病毒噬菌體的培養需要兩個階段的接種:當洋菜固化後,細菌於其培養基上生長,作為病毒接種的宿主。

培養皿在培養時需要予以倒置,以降低空氣中顆粒沉降於樣本的風險,也能防止水蒸氣積累於樣本等任何足以危害或干擾培養的狀況。

科學家會將細胞培養於天然或人工的環境當中來研究其表型。然而,無論將細胞培養於培養皿的液體中或其洋菜凍上,是一種昂貴與勞力密集的任務[4][5]

其他用法

培養皿也可以用在細胞培養,採用的是液體溶液或固體洋菜凍。空的培養皿也可以用於觀察植物發芽、非常小型動物的習性或其他每日實驗室的操作習慣,如在烘箱中乾燥液體、攜帶或存放樣本。由於培養皿表面透明度高且為平面,這意味著培養皿通常可以用來當成暫時的容器,於低倍率顯微鏡下觀察樣本,尤其是用於液體的樣本。

培養皿與藝術

此聖地牙哥海灘景色作品,採用了8種不同細菌菌落的螢光蛋白色調表現,這些螢光蛋白色調是來源於綠色螢光蛋白與紅色螢光珊瑚蛋白dsRed

以色列攝影師與影片藝術家米哈爾·羅夫納英语Michal Rovner曾使用培養皿作為眾多展覽會上的素材,以投射數幅人體的影像,表現出其舞蹈與動作[6]。安東尼·布萊迪爾-納米亞斯(Antoine Bridier-Nahmias)則刻意讓黴菌生長於培養皿中,通常會讓黴菌以對稱的方式生長,並採用些許具有吸引力的顏色。這些照片皆放置於他的「魔法污染」(Magical Contamination)部落格上[7]

参见

  • 其他培养器皿:培养瓶、培养板
  • 培养基

參考文獻

  1. ^ Petri dish页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in the American Heritage Dictionary.
  2. ^ Reski, Ralf. Development, genetics and molecular biology of mosses (PDF). Botanica Acta. 1998, 111: 1–15 [2016-08-06]. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00670.x. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24). 
  3. ^ Mosby's Dental Dictionary 2nd. Elsevier. 2008 [2010-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-22). 
  4. ^ Gilbert, P.M. Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture. Science. 2010, 329: 1078–1081. PMC 2929271可免费查阅. PMID 20647425. doi:10.1126/science.1191035. 
  5. ^ Chowdhury, F. Soft substrates promote homogeneous self-renewal of embryonic stem cells via downregulating cell-matrix tractions. PLoS ONE. 2010, 5: e15655. PMC 3001487可免费查阅. PMID 21179449. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015655. 
  6. ^ Rush, Michael. Magazine features – Vindicated at Venice. Artnet.com. [2015-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-30). 
  7. ^ Antoine Bridier-Nahmias. Magical Contamination. [2016-06-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12). 
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培养皿
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