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P血型系统.
P血型系统(英文:P Antigen System)是人类血型系统的一种,其基因座位于22号染色体上。其抗原以糖脂形式存在,包括P1、P2、Pk1、Pk2以及p五种表型。[1]
1927年,奥地利生物学家卡尔·兰德斯泰纳和美国免疫学家菲利普·列文在研究新生儿溶血症期间,从输入人类血液的家兔体内发现一种新抗体。这种抗体可以凝集一部分人的红细胞,而对另一部分人群的红细胞则没有效果。他们将这两种血型分别称为P(+)型和P(-)型。他们同时发现了属于另一种血型系统即MNS血型系统的M、N抗原。[2]后来,人们将P(+)型和P(-)型分别称为P1型和P2型。1959年,Matson发现了同属于此系统的Pk抗原,[3]1965年,Kortekangas又将这一亚型细分为Pk1和Pk2型。[4]
- ^ 杜若甫 (2004), 中国人群体遗传学,北京: 科学出版社, p.100-114
- ^ Landsteiner K, Levin P. Further observations on individual differences of human blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1927, 24: 941–2.
- ^ MatsonGA, Swanson J, Noades J; et al. A 'new' antigen and antibody belonging to the P blood group system. Am J Hum Genet. 1959, 11: 26–34.
- ^ Kortekangas AE, Kaarsalo E, Melartin L; et al. The red cell antigen Pk and its relationship to the P system: The evidence of three more Pk families. Vox sang. 1965, 10: 385–404.
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