微囊藻屬
微囊藻屬
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| 铜绿微囊菌 | |
科学分类 
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| 域： | 细菌域 Bacteria |
| 界： | 细菌界 Bacteria |
| 门： | 蓝菌门 Cyanobacteriota |
| 纲： | 蓝藻纲 Cyanophyceae |
| 目： | 色球藻目 Chroococcales |
| 科： | 微囊藻科 Microcystaceae |
| 属： | 微囊藻屬 Microcystis Kützing, 1833 |
| 模式種 | |
| 铜绿微胞藻 Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing ex Lemmermann 1907
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| 物種 | |
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| 異名 | |
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微囊菌屬（學名：Microcystis）也称微囊菌屬，是色球藻目藍菌的一屬蓝藻，常見於淡水中，其中包含會造成有害藻華的铜绿微囊菌（Microcystis aeruginosa），其毒素會導致肝臟、膽囊病變[1]。
命名
[编辑]微囊菌的學名Microcystis來自拉丁文的mikros（小）與kystis（囊狀物）[2]。
特徵
[编辑]如命名所顯示，微囊藻的特徵是小型的細胞，且沒有鞘的包覆[2]。細胞常聚集成大至肉眼可見的群落，本為圓形，但隨細胞數增多會逐漸出現孔洞並變不規則。其原生質體的顏色為淺藍綠色，但充滿氣體的囊泡常會呈暗色，這是在光學顯微鏡下用來鑑別微囊菌的特徵之一。
種
[编辑]迄今為止, 全球範圍內報導了約50種。 微囊藻屬包含以下數個物種[3] ：
- 銅綠微囊藻 Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing ex Lemmermann 1907，异名：Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing 1833) Otsuka et al. 2001
- Microcystis amethystina (Filarszky 1900) Forti 1907
- 银色微囊藻 Microcystis argentea Schiller 1954
- Microcystis biformis (Braun 1879) Bourrelly 1970
- 放射微囊藻 Microcystis botrys Teiling, 1942[4]
- 喜石灰岩微囊藻 Microcystis calciphila Schwabe 1947
- Microcystis chroococcoidea West and West 1911
- Microcystis comperei Komárek 1984
- Microcystis complanata Skuja 1964[5]
- Microcystis concharum (Hansgirg 1890) Silva 1996
- Microcystis delicatissima (West and West 1912) Starmach 1966，基异名：Aphanocapsa delicatissima West and West 1912
- Microcystis dimidiata (Kützing 1834) Silva 1996
- Microcystis elabens (Brebisson 1843) Kützing 1846
- Microcystis elachista (West and West 1894) Compère 1967[6]
- Microcystis elongata Desikachary 1959
- Microcystis ferruginea Wawrik 1963，为Cyanogranis ferruginea (Wawrik 1963) Hindák 1982的异名
- Microcystis floccosa Zalessky 1926
- 水华微囊藻 Microcystis flosaquae (Wittrock et al. 1879) Kirchner 1898
- Microcystis halophila Martens and Pankow 1972[7]
- 鳞状微囊藻 Microcystis ichthyoblabe (Kunze 1823) Kützing 1843
- 不定微囊藻 Microcystis incerta (Lemmermann 1899) Lemmermann 1903
- 滨海微囊藻 Microcystis litoralis (Hansgirg 1892) Aboal 1988[8]
- Microcystis livida Meneghini 1842
- 边缘微囊藻 Microcystis marginata (Meneghini 1837) Kützing 1846，为Anacystis marginata Meneghini 1837的异名
- Microcystis montigena Hoffmann, 1986[9]
- Microcystis novacekii (Komárek 1958) Compère, 1974
- Microcystis ochracea (Brand 1898) Lemmermann, 1907
- Microcystis ovalis Hollenberg 1939
- Microcystis packardii (Farlow 1879) Tilden 1910
- Microcystis panniformis Komárek et al. 2002
- Microcystis protocystis Crow, 1923
- Microcystis protogenita Rabenhorst, 1865
- 假丝状微囊藻 Microcystis pseudofilamentosa Crow 1923
- Microcystis rosea Kufferath 1942
- Microcystis roseopersicinus (Kützing 1845) West 1904
- Microcystis salina (Woronichin 1929) Elenkin 1938
- Microcystis salinarum (Hansgirg 1887) Silva 1996
- Microcystis splendens Hollenberg 1939
- 史密斯微囊藻 Microcystis smithii Komárek and Anagnostidis 1995
- Microcystis stagnalis (Lemmermann 1900) Lemmermann 1903
- 热微囊藻 Microcystis thermalis Yoneda 1938
- 緑色微囊藻 Microcystis viridis (Braun 1865) Lemmermann 1903
- Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek 1958) Komárek ex Komárek 2006
- Microcystis zanardinii (Hauck 1877) Silva 1996
參考資料
[编辑]- ^ Chroococcales. EOL. [24 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-29）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Cyanobacteria: Microcystis. The Silica Secchi Disk. Connecticut College: The SilicaSecchi Disk. [24 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2008年3月26日）.
- ^ Taxonomy Browser Genus: Microcystis. Taxonomy Browser Genus: Microcystis. AlgaeBase. [24 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-15）.
- ^ 浙江省环境监测中心生态监测与评价研究所 晁爱敏 于海燕 魏铮，中国淡水微囊藻的一个新记录种
- ^ Skuja H. Grundzüge der Algenflora und Algenvegetation der Fjeldgegenden um Abisko in Schwedisch-Lappland. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Series 4 1964; 18:1-465.
- ^ Compère P. [Title pending]. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belgique 1967; 37:141.
- ^ Martens B, Pankow H. Taxonomische Bemerkungen zu einigen Algen aus den Boddengewässern des Darss und des Zingst (südliche Ostsee). Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 1972; 57:779-800.
- ^ Aboal M. Aportación al conocimiento de las algas epicontinentales del sudeste de España. III: Cianofíceas (Cyanophyceae Schaffner 1909). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 1988; 45:22.
- ^ Hoffmann L. Cyanophycées aériennes et subaériennes du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 1986; 56:89.
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