For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 铜绿微囊藻.

铜绿微囊藻

铜绿微囊藻
铜绿微囊藻
科学分类 编辑
域: 细菌域 Bacteria
门: 藍菌門 Cyanobacteria
纲: 蓝藻纲 Cyanophyceae
目: 色球藻目 Chroococcales
科: 微囊藻科 Microcystaceae
属: 微囊藻屬 Microcystis
种:
铜绿微囊藻 M. aeruginosa
二名法
Microcystis aeruginosa
Kützing, 1846
澳洲沃加沃加阿爾伯特湖英语Lake Albert (New South Wales)爆發銅綠微囊藻的藻華

铜绿微囊藻學名Microcystis aeruginosa)是一種出現在淡水中的藍菌,會產生有害藻華,具有一定的生態學與經濟重要性[1][2]。铜绿微囊藻是在優養化的淡水中最常見的有毒藍菌藻華來源[2]

特徵

[编辑]

如同其學名顯示的,微囊藻屬的特徵為小型的細胞,細胞大小僅有3至8微米[3],且其外沒有鞘包覆[4]。細胞常聚集成肉眼可見的群落,這些群落本為圓形,經過時間發展可能會產生孔洞並呈不規則形狀。原生質體的顏色是淺藍綠色,但因細胞中具有充滿空氣的囊泡在光下可能呈暗色,這是光學顯微鏡下微囊藻的鑑別特徵之一。囊泡提供微囊藻足夠的浮力,使其停留在有足夠光線和二氧化碳提供生長的水層。

生態

[编辑]

铜绿微囊藻較偏好高溫,但毒性與最高生長率不一定有關聯,在實驗室培養中,攝氏32度具有最高的生長率,但毒性最強的溫度是攝氏20度。溫度低於攝氏15度時其生長會被顯著的抑制。除了毒素外,微囊藻形成藻華時淡水溶氧量的顯著降低也會導致水中動物的死亡[5]

一種水生被子植物聚藻可以產生鞣花酸沒食子酸連苯三酚兒茶素,這些聚酚化合物可產生化感作用,對铜绿微囊藻的生長產生抑制[6]

毒素

[编辑]
微囊藻素

铜绿微囊藻可以產生神經毒素脂多糖[7]肝毒素英语hepatotoxins微囊藻素英语microcystins。微囊藻素是一些環狀非核糖体多肽英语Nonribosomal peptide的合稱,由脱氢丙氨酸英语dehydroalanine衍生物和ADDA氨基酸英语ADDA (amino acid)非蛋白胺基酸組成,可強烈抑制第一型與第二型蛋白質磷酸酶,對動植物都有毒性,對肝臟的毒性很強,也和全脂炎英语Pansteatitis有關[8]

經濟重要性

[编辑]

由於在理想的環境下铜绿微囊藻可以持續產生對肝有害的微囊藻素,其為飲用水汙染的來源之一[9],且這種毒素對熱的抗性高,甚至以活性碳吸附、加入臭氧消毒也無法完全消除[3]。對經濟的影響包括為了減輕毒素需要在淨水上花費的額外成本,和發生有害藻華的河湖需暫時封閉對當地旅遊業造成傷害[10]

也有研究顯示铜绿微囊藻可以產生2,6-二叔丁基對甲酚,這種物質主要在食品添加劑中被用作為抗氧化劑,在工業上也具有許多用途[11]

相關條目

[编辑]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Chroococcales. EOL. [24 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-29). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Oberholster, PJ. Microcystis aeruginosa: souce of toxic microcystins in drinking water (PDF). Microcystis aeruginosa: souce of toxic microcystins in drinking water. African Journal of Biotechnology March 2004 Volume 3 pp 159-168. [24 June 2011]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-06-09). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 鄚朝陽. 水庫水質解析/恐怖微囊藻毒 喝了恐罹肝炎. 聯合報. 2012-08-13 [2016-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-19) (中文(繁體)). 
  4. ^ Cyanobacteria: Microcystis. The Silica Secchi Disk. Connecticut College: The SilicaSecchi Disk. [24 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2008-03-26). 
  5. ^ Padmavathi, P; K. Veeraiah. Studies on the influence of M. aeruginosa on the ecology and fish production of carp culture ponds. African Journal of Biotechnology. 6/04/2009, 8 (9): 1911–1918 [24 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-28). 
  6. ^ Myriophyllum spicatum-released allelopathic polyphenols inhibiting growth of blue-greenalgaeMicrocystis aeruginosa. Satoshi Nakai, Yutaka Inoue, Masaaki Hosomi and Akihiko Murakami, Water Research, Volume 34, Issue 11, 1 August 2000, Pages 3026–3032, doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00039-7
  7. ^ Mayer, Alejandro M. S.; Jonathan A. Clifford. Cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide Elicits Release of Superoxide Anion, Thromboxane B2, Cytokines, Chemokines, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 by Rat Microglia. Toxicological Sciences. 2, 121 (1) [25 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-01). 
  8. ^ Barnett A. Rattner, Glenn H. Olsen, Peter C. McGowan, Betty K. Ackerson, and Moira A. McKernan. Harmful Algal Blooms and Bird Die-offs in Chesapeake Bay: A Potential Link?. USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. [2013-03-31]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-05). 
  9. ^ Cyanobacterial Toxins: Microcystin-LR in drinking water (PDF). Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. World Health Organization (WHO). [24 June 2011]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-04-17). 
  10. ^ Somek, Hasim. A Case Report: Algal Bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa in a Drinking-Water Body, Eğirdir Lake, Turkey (PDF). A Case Report: Algal Bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa in a Drinking-Water Body, Eğirdir Lake, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. [27 June 2011]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-10-04). 
  11. ^ Babu B, Wu JT. Production of Natural Butylated Hydroxytoluene as an Antioxidant by Freshwater Phytoplankton (PDF). Journal of Phycology. December 2008, 44 (6): 1447–1454 [2013-03-31]. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00596.x. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-04-04). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
铜绿微囊藻
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?