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冈伯格-巴赫曼反应

Gomberg-Bachmann反应
Gomberg-Bachmann反应

Gomberg–Bachmann反应(又称冈伯格-巴克曼反应冈伯格-巴赫曼反应Gomberg芳基偶联反应等)以乌克兰裔美国化学家摩西·冈伯格(Moses Gomberg)和美国化学家沃纳·以马利·巴赫曼(Werner Emmanuel Bachmann)的名字命名[1][2][3],是指重氮盐的酸性溶液用氢氧化钠乙酸钠的水溶液处理时,发生芳基偶联反应,生成联芳烃的衍生物的反应。例如,对溴苯胺与偶联,得到对溴联苯[4]

BrC6H4NH2 + C6H6 → BrC6H4−C6H5

这个反应能应用于各种类型的芳香环,包括二茂铁[5]类。由于重氮盐能发生许多副反应,因此反应产率一般不高,通常低于 40%。

Gomberg–Bachmann 反应的分子内版本为 Pschorr反应(下图)。[6][7] 其中 Z 基一般是 CH2;CH2CH2;NH;CO,产物为芴酮咔唑类化合物。[8]

Pschorr反应
Pschorr反应

反应机理

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一般认为是自由基历程

均裂

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ M. Gomberg, W. E. Bachmann. The Synthesis of Biaryl Compounds by Means of the Diazo Reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1924, 42: 2339–2343. doi:10.1021/ja01675a026. 
  2. ^ W. Pötsch. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker (VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1989) (ISBN 3817110553)
  3. ^ M. B. Smith, J. March. March's Advanced Organic Chemistry (Wiley, 2001) (ISBN 0-471-58589-0)
  4. ^ M. Gomberg and W. E. Bachmann (1941). "p-Bromobiphenyl". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 1: 113. 
  5. ^ D. F. DeTar, Org. Reactions, 9, 411 (1957).
  6. ^ R. Pschorr. Neue Synthese des Phenanthrens und seiner Derivate. Chem. Ber. 1896, 29 (1): 496–501. doi:10.1002/cber.18960290198. 
  7. ^ March, Jerry (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, third Edition, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-85472-7.
  8. ^ Stephen A. Chandler,a Peter Hanson, Alec B. Taylor, Paul H. Walton and Allan W. Timmsb. Sandmeyer reactions. Part 5.1 Estimation of the rates of 1,5-aryl/aryl radical translocation and cyclisation during Pschorr fluorenone synthesis with a comparative analysis of reaction energetics. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2. 2001: 214–228. doi:10.1039/b006184k. 
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冈伯格-巴赫曼反应
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