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乙偶姻

乙偶姻
IUPAC名
3-Hydroxybutan-2-one
3-羥基-2-丁酮
别名 3-羥基丁酮
乙酰甲基甲醇
识别
CAS号 513-86-0R/S checkY
53584-56-8R checkY
78183-56-9S checkY
PubChem 179
ChemSpider 21105851
SMILES
 
  • CC(=O)C(C)O
InChI
 
  • 1/C4H8O2/c1-3(5)4(2)6/h3,5H,1-2H3
InChIKey ROWKJAVDOGWPAT-UHFFFAOYAD
EINECS 208-174-1
ChEBI 15688
RTECS EL8790000
KEGG C01769
性质
化学式 C4H8O2
摩尔质量 88.11 g·mol−1
外观 無色液體
氣味 淡,似優格
密度 1.012 g/cm3
熔点 15 °C(288 K)
沸点 148 °C(421 K)
溶解性 1000 g/L (20 °C)
溶解性(其他溶劑) 可溶於
微溶於石油醚
丙二醇混溶
難溶於植物油
log P -0.36
pKa 13.72
[α]20
D
-39.4
折光度n
D
1.4171
危险性
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
> 5000 mg/kg(大鼠,口服)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙偶姻(英語:Acetoin),又稱3-羟基丁酮乙酰甲基甲醇,是一種有機化合物,化学式为CH3CHOHCOCH3。它是一種無色液体,带有令人愉悦的黄油气味。它是一種手性分子。细菌產生的形式是(R)-乙偶姻。[1]

細菌生產

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乙偶姻是一種中性的四碳分子,被許多發酵細菌用作外部能量儲存。它由α-乙酰乳酸脫羧產生,α-乙酰乳酸是支鏈胺基酸生物合成中的常見前體。由於其中性性質,在指數生長過程中乙偶姻的產生和排泄可防止細胞質和周圍介質過度酸化,而酸性代謝產物(例如乙酸檸檬酸)的積累會導致過度酸化。一旦優質碳源耗盡,培養物進入穩定期,可以使用乙偶姻來維持培養物密度。[2]乙偶姻轉化為乙酰輔酶A由乙偶姻脫氫酶複合物催化,其機制與丙酮酸脫氫酶複合物大體相似,然而由於乙偶姻不是2-氧代酸,因此它不會被E1酶脫羧,相反會釋放一個乙醛分子。[3]在一些細菌中,乙偶姻也可以被乙偶姻還原酶/2,3-丁二醇脫氫酶還原為2,3-丁二醇

福格斯-普里斯考尔试验英语Voges–Proskauer test是乙偶姻生产中常用的微生物测试。[4]

用途

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食品添加劑

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乙偶姻和丁二酮是其中赋予黄油特有风味的化合物。因此部分氢化油的制造商通常会在最终产品中添加這些香料(以及用于黄色的β-胡萝卜素)。[5]

蘋果優格蘆筍黑醋栗黑莓小麥青花菜抱子甘藍哈密瓜楓糖漿中都含有乙偶姻。[6][7][8]

乙偶姻可用作食品调味剂(在烘焙食品中)和香料

電子菸

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乙偶姻用於電子菸的菸油中,以賦予黄油或焦糖味。[9]

參見

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参考資料

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  1. ^ Albert Gossauer: Struktur und Reaktivität der Biomoleküle, Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta, Zürich, 2006, Seite 285, ISBN 978-3-906390-29-1.
  2. ^ Xiao, Z.; Xu, P. Acetoin metabolism in bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2007, 33 (2): 127–140. PMID 17558661. S2CID 46151943. doi:10.1080/10408410701364604. 
  3. ^ Oppermann, F.B.; Steinbuchel, A. Identification and molecular characterization of the aco genes encoding the Pelobacter carbinolicus acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system. J. Bacteriol. 1994, 176 (2): 469–485. PMC 205071可免费查阅. PMID 8110297. doi:10.1128/jb.176.2.469-485.1994. 
  4. ^ Speckman, R.A.; Collins, E.B. Specificity of the Westerfeld adaptation of the Voges-Proskauer test. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982, 44 (1): 40–43. Bibcode:1982ApEnM..44...40S. PMC 241965可免费查阅. PMID 6751225. doi:10.1128/aem.44.1.40-43.1982. 
  5. ^ Pavia et al., Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques, 4th ed., ISBN 978-0-495-28069-9
  6. ^ Sampling and Analytical Methods: Acetoin, Diacetyl, 1012. (原始内容存档于2018-06-04). 
  7. ^ Allendale Columbia | STEM. [失效連結]
  8. ^ Evaluation of Natural Acetyl Methyl Carbinol|Flavorist. www.fks.com. [2023-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-06). 
  9. ^ Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, National Academies of Sciences. Chapter 5: Toxicology of E-Cigarette Constituents. Eaton, David L.; Kwan, Leslie Y.; Stratton, Kathleen (编). Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. National Academies Press. 2018: 175 [2023-03-06]. ISBN 9780309468343. PMID 29894118. (原始内容存档于2021-10-10) (英语). 
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乙偶姻
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