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鹽醃

将海盐加到生火腿中制作帕尔玛火腿
1号布拉格粉,也被称为“腌制盐”或“粉红盐”。它通常是盐和亚硝酸钠的混合物,添加粉红色素是为了区别于普通的盐。

鹽漬就是用可食用的盐保存食物。[1]它是保存食物最古老的方法之一,两种具有历史意义的盐腌食品是咸鱼(通常是干的腌鳕鱼或腌鲱鱼)和咸肉(如培根)。像菜豆卷心菜这样的蔬菜也经常以这种方式保存。

使用盐的原因是,由于盐的高渗性,大多数细菌真菌和其他潜在的病原微生物无法在高盐环境中生存。在这样的环境中,任何活细胞都会通过渗透脱水而死亡或暂时失活。细粒盐较粗粒盐贵,但也比粗粒盐吸水快。

历史

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中世纪的英国

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在农民家庭中,腌制和烟熏可以结合起来生产培根。在14世纪,保存刚宰杀的鹿肉的方法包括尽快用蕨菜覆盖鹿肉,然后把鹿肉运到屠宰的地方,用盐水煮熟,然后用盐腌干,放在桶里长期保存。[2]

现代

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人们在19世纪发现,盐和硝酸盐(如硝石)的混合会使肉变成红色,而不是灰色,当时的消费者强烈喜欢红色的肉。这样保存下来的食物可以在数天内保持健康和新鲜,避免细菌腐烂。[1]

宗教习俗

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犹太人穆斯林的饮食法规定,新鲜屠宰的肉类必须去除血液。盐和盐水在这两种传统中都可以用来达成目的,但在犹太教饮食里(几乎是必需的)使用盐比在伊斯兰教饮食里(在大多数情况下,单独排水就足够了)使用盐更常见。

参考文献

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鹽醃
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