For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 霍夫曼電量計.

霍夫曼電量計

第一個霍夫曼電量計

霍夫曼電量計(英語:Hofmann voltameter)是一种用於水電解的设备,由德國化學家奧古斯特·威廉·馮·霍夫曼[1]在1866年發明。它由三个連在一起的玻璃直筒構成。為方便添加,内筒的頂並不是密封的。[2]每個側面的氣筒均有一个白金電极放在底部,连接到電源的正极负极

名稱來源

[编辑]

「電量計」這名稱是约翰·弗雷德里克·丹尼尔發明的,原名由法拉第命名為「電量-電流計」。[3]霍夫曼電量計現時已經不再用作電量計。但是,在安培計被發明之前,霍夫曼電量計的確被用作量度直流電。電量可根據法拉第电解定律被計算出來。

運作

[编辑]
霍夫曼電量計

当電流通过霍夫曼電量計時,氧气會在陽極出現,而氣則在陰極中出現。[4]氣體可經外筒頂部的出口被收集。[5]

為了提高導電性,一些離子化合物會被添加到水裏(通常為硫酸(H2SO4))。[6]因此,陰極陽極都會有一些雜質,即離子化合物電解後的產品。

雖然電極一般會以白金製造,然而若果顧及成本考慮,亦會經常使用作為電極。但由於會被氧化陽極氧氣將被污染成二氧化碳[7]

用途

[编辑]

已消秏的電力可經過量度陰極的重量而斷定。爱迪生使用電量計作为电錶[8]因為鉑電極反應率太低,霍夫曼電量計不能用来衡量电流

霍夫曼電量計经常被用作示范化学计量数原理,主因氢气氧气體積比為2:1,说明了水的化学式H2O。[9]然而,只有氧气氢气体被假设为双原子分子本結果才成立。如果氢气是单原子分子而氧氣是双原子分子,气体體積比将是4:1。水的體積比例便是氢气和氧气的比例。實驗證明這個比例是2:1,這個數值便是經過霍夫曼電量計測量出來的。

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ von Hofmann, A.W. Introduction to Modern Chemistry: Experimental and Theoretic; Embodying Twelve Lectures Delivered in the Royal College of Chemistry, London.
  2. ^ Composition of Water-Hofmann voltameter-. www.citycollegiate.com. [2017-07-10]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-27). 
  3. ^ Frank A. J. L. James, (1991), The correspondence of Michael Faraday, IET, ISBN 0-86341-249-1, letter 872, 9/1/1836
  4. ^ Electrolysis of water. practicalphysics.org. [2017-07-10]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-30). 
  5. ^ Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid (PDF). Physics Department, Williams College. [2022-07-29]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-03-29). 
  6. ^ GoConqr - Electrolysis of Acidified Water. GoConqr. [2017-07-10]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-27). 
  7. ^ Exploding bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen- Learn Chemistry. www.rsc.org. [2017-07-10]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-19). 
  8. ^ Hofmann voltameter. disselagre.com. [永久失效連結]
  9. ^ Electrolysis - New World Encyclopedia. www.newworldencyclopedia.org. [2017-07-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-19). 

另見

[编辑]
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
霍夫曼電量計
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?