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雕漆

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雕漆技艺
中华人民共和国
国家级非物质文化遗产
申报地区或单位北京市东城区
甘肃省天水市秦州区
分类传统技艺
序号400
编号项目Ⅷ—50
登录2006年
2008年
清朝乾隆年間帶有「春」字的盒子。 南京博物館

雕漆,又稱漆雕,指的是一種專門用在漆器上的彫刻技法,源自於中國古代,為歷代中國皇家所推重,屬於最高級的工藝美術之一。

雕漆時,要先將大漆反覆塗抹在器物胎體表面,待漆層堆積到合適厚度之後,再用刻刀在尚未完全凝固的漆層上剔出需要的紋樣。最後根據所追求的藝術效果,可以進一步精細打磨,也可以保持較為粗糲的原貌。根據所塗抹漆層顏色的區別,雕漆可以細分為剔紅,剔黃,剔綠,剔黑,剔彩以及剔犀。其中剔犀較罕見,剔紅最為常見,幾乎成為雕漆的代名詞。另有若干模擬雕漆的近似工藝,如堆漆(堆朱),堆灰,日本鎌倉雕,根來塗等。

据中国工艺美术大师、非物质文化遗产雕漆技艺传承人殷秀云介绍,现在从事这个行业的人很少,整个雕漆行业只有大约一百多人。当下雕漆技艺的传承“后继乏人”,亟待年轻人继承雕漆技艺。[1]

參考文獻

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雕漆
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