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錐體外症候群

錐體外症候群(英語:extrapyramidal symptoms,縮寫EPS),又称锥体外系症状,當身體的運動系統受到某些干擾(如:藥物)導致無法正常靈活作用時,會發生肌肉張力異常、類巴金森氏症、遲發性運動不能及靜坐不能等現象。其它成因尚有:腦性麻痺副甲狀腺機能低下等代謝性疾病。

容易引發EPS之藥物

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下列藥物可能引發EPS,但並非每人都會產生EPS副作用。

典型症狀

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患者生理機能反應遲緩,如不知冷熱不知飢餓或飽足,又譬如飲水感覺好像"灌水在一個袋子裡",此外還包括沒有尿意等。由于难以测量锥体外系症状,因此通常使用评定量表来评估运动障碍的严重程度。辛普森-安格斯量表 (SAS)、巴恩斯静坐不能评定量表 (BARS)、异常不自主运动量表 (AIMS) 和锥体外系症状评定量表 (ESRS) 是经常用于此类评估的评定量表。

急性肌張力不全

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發生的位置多在眼部、舌頭、頸背部與四肢,因肌肉持續攣縮,症狀如:眼球上吊、眼球歪斜、牙關緊閉、歪嘴、歪頭、舌頭外吐或捲曲、角弓反張(四肢如青蛙般往軀幹的反方向伸張)、臉部扭曲歪嘴、講話語意不清。

靜坐不能

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末梢運動無法停止運動,致使患者坐不住、煩躁不安,不停搖擺或來回踱步。

巴金森氏症候群

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類似帕金森氏症病人的症狀,約發生在服藥後的三個月內。臨床表現有肌肉僵硬、小碎步、顫抖、表情呆滯(撲克臉)、重複舞蹈性動作。抗精神病藥物所引起的帕金森症狀,比較容易發生在老年人身上。

治療

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抗組織胺藥物,如:苯海拉明可以紓解EPS引發的症狀,副作用是嗜睡。其它尚有抗膽鹼類藥物鎮定劑

預後

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通常在注射拮抗劑後,症狀便明顯消失。

參考資料

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  1. ^ https://wwwv.tsgh.ndmctsgh.edu.tw/files/web/192/file_up/10064/1372/%E4%B8%89%E7%B8%BD%E8%97%A5%E8%A8%8A_96%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88.pdf
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錐體外症候群
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