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铸造缺陷

铸造缺陷是指金屬铸造過程中不希望出現的不規則特性,其中有些缺陷可以容忍,而有些無法接受的缺陷就需要再加工改善。铸造缺陷可以分為五種:氣體孔隙(gas porosity)、收縮缺陷(shrinkage defects)、模具材料缺陷(mold material defects)、澆注金屬缺陷(pouring metal defects)及冶金缺陷(metallurgical defects)[1]

冷凝現象:部份接合處,明顯流動末梢提早冷卻,造成未充滿模穴現象 原因分析:金屬鑄液溫度過低,或者澆流距離過遠,或者澆冒道設計不良,排氣不足,成形太薄流動差,鑄件過於複雜流動性不易控制

縮凹現象:平面處明顯凹陷,產品冷卻中仍持續縮收凹陷 原因分析:平面處反面厚度差異過大,材料縮收比及厚材冷卻速度不同產生縮收凹陷,常見T字肋骨結構。或者鑄造冒口設計不良造成

捲氣現象:鑄件內部有些許小氣泡產生 原因分析:澆冒口設計不當,澆鑄時太快流動過急,或者澆口濾網安置不良,部份空氣被捲入鋁湯內流動,高溫熱處理時,鑄件表面會漲起大小不一的小水泡變形而報廢

毛邊過大:成品毛邊異常增厚 原因分析:合模不良,模具設計不良,安裝模面調整不良,鋁湯溫度過高模仁增溫過多,進料柱塞壓力調整過大,模具磨損間隙增加

頂出位置變形: 原因分析:頂出桿長短不一,頂出桿管理安裝不當,大型模具模仁厚度不足形成鼓面變形

脫模劑或柱塞劑污損成品表面:

硬點:回收料過雜或不明回收材料,使產品產生硬點,致使加工時車刀損壞率明顯提高

參考資料

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  1. ^ Rao 1999,第195頁

書目

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铸造缺陷
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