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软钎焊

软钎焊电阻。
解焊電線和接點
用軟釺焊作成的小人像

軟釺焊軟焊焊錫(英語:soldering)是一種利用熔化熔點較低金屬來連結其他金屬工件的製造過程。被熔化的金屬一般稱為銲料,一般其熔點低於攝氏400度。[1]

軟釺焊和硬釺焊的差異是在於銲料的熔點,硬釺焊銲料的熔點高於攝氏450度。軟釺焊也和焊接不同,軟釺焊時不需熔化金屬工件。在軟釺焊過程中,直接在要連結的部份加熱,使銲料融化,因著毛細現象而流到接合處,由於浸潤作用和工件結合。一般來言,在冷卻後,接點的強度會比工件本身的強度低,不過還是有相當的強度、導電性及防水性。像電子零件印刷電路板都是用軟釺焊的方式接合。軟釺焊也用在管路系統金屬加工以及珠寶製作上。

軟釺焊使用的銲料成分有許多種,不同應用會使用不同的合金作為銲料。常見的銲料有鉛錫、錫銀、錫銅等。由於鉛對人體有不良的影響,近年來也使用不含鉛的無鉛銲料。軟釺焊製程中的溫度以及加溫方式也是重要的一部份。不同銲料熔化的溫度不同,而在加熱時也需精密控制,以免溫度太高而損壞工件,或是溫度太低使焊點強度不足。 軟釺焊加熱的方式有很多種,例如烙鐵、火或是熱風槍。每一種加熱方式都有其優缺點,需針對應用以及要焊接的材料來決定。

軟釺焊是一種古老的工藝技術,在《聖經》中即有提到此技術[2],而且有證據顯示早在五千年前的兩河文明即開始使用這技術[3]

應用

軟釺焊目前常用在印刷電路板電子零件的組立,另一個常見的用途是在管路系統,軟釺焊可以形成永久性的接合,但若後續有需要,可用類似的方式破壞其接合。

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ Rahn, Armin. 1.1 Introduction. The Basics of Soldering. John Wiley & Sons. 1993. ISBN 0471584711. 
  2. ^ 《聖經》以賽亞書41:7
  3. ^ Brady, George; et al. Materials Handbook. McGraw Hill. 1996: 768–70. ISBN 0070070849. 

外部連結

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软钎焊
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