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酰基

一般醯基(藍色),醯基離子(頂部中央),醯基自由基(右上),(左上),(左下),(底部中央),醯胺(右下)。 (R1,R2,R3:有機取代基或氫)。
酰基的结构。

xiān[註 1](英語:acyl group),是指從帶氧酸,包括無機酸除去一或多組羥基團的衍生的官能基,通式RM(=O)-,包含一組雙鍵氧原子和烷基(RC=O)。在有機化學,酰基(IUPAC名:鏈烷醯基)通常由羧酸衍生,結構式RC(=O)-,其中R代表附著到CO基用單鍵的烷基。雖然稱呼多用於有機化合物,但原則上可來自磺酸膦酸等其它類型的酸。在最常見的安排,酰基連接到更大的分子片段,在這種情況,碳和氧原子以雙鍵相連。

酰基与原子、烷氧基氨基或取代氨基及酰氧基结合分别获得酰卤酰胺酸酐[1]

通常酰基的中心原子为,但等原子也可形成类似的酰化物,如亞硝酰氟三氯氧磷硫酰氯氯化亚砜四氟一氧化氙。此类酰卤一般称为卤氧化物

註釋

  1. ^ 】,《說文解字》酸也,《說文解字注》酸、酢也。【xiān】,僅見於史書,不見於字書;古義是毒酒,《春秋纂言》宴安酰毒不可懷也;「酰」後通「醯」,《明史紀事本末》止于酒漿酰醢;《說文解字》不錄。臺灣化學官能基 acyl group 命名採前者,稱為「醯基」;中国大陆舊亦作「醯(基)」,但今改稱「酰(基)」。

參考資料

  1. ^ 國際純化學和應用化學聯合會化學術語概略,第二版。(金皮書)(1997)。在線校正版: (2006–) "Acyl groups"。doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00123

参见

外部連結

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酰基
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