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酏劑

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酏劑[註 1](英語:elixir、阿拉伯语:الإكسير‎、希臘語ξήριον[1][2])是一类口服的、澄清的、具有甜味的液體,用於醫療用途,治療不适症狀。當成製劑使用時,至少含有一种有效成分內服。

形式

非醫療用途

當成是溶媒或者是載體,用來運輸藥物。如芳香酏、異酒精酏、複方苯甲醛酏劑。

活性成分溶在含有15-50%酒精的溶液中。

醫療用途

  1. 抗組織胺酏劑(Antihistaminic elixirs): chlorampheniramine maleate elixirs (USP), diphenhydramine HCl elixirs.
  2. 鎮靜安眠酏劑(Sedative and hypnotic elixirs): pediatric chloral hydrate elixirs.
  3. 化痰劑(Expectorant):terpin hydrate elixirs.
  4. 其他類別(Miscellaneous):acetaminophen (paracetamol) elixirs, which are used as analgesics.

組成

酏劑是個水-酒精溶液,至少含有一個以上的有效成分。 酒精的作用是:

  1. 溶解活性成分和輔料。
  2. 減少糖的結晶。
  3. 當做保存劑。
  4. 掩蓋活性成分不好的味道。
  5. 提高風味。

通常會選擇可以溶解活性成分的酒精量,並且保持溶液的澄清。高濃度的酒精可能會使的產品在使用時有燒灼感。

酏劑可能含有以下輔料:

  1. 糖或者是糖替代品,如山梨醇(sorbitol)
  2. 保存劑,如對羥基苯甲酸酯苯甲酸鈉
  3. 緩衝溶液(Buffering solution)
  4. 調味劑
  5. 螯合劑

註解

  1. ^ 「酏」,拼音注音ㄧˊ,音同「怡」

参考文献

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2012-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-08). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2012-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-02). 
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酏劑
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