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山梨醇

山梨醇
IUPAC名
D-Glucitol[1]
D-葡萄糖醇
系统名
(2S,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
(2S,3R,4R,5R)-1,2,3,4,5,6-己六醇
别名 葡萄糖醇
己六醇
识别
CAS号 50-70-4  checkY
PubChem 82170
ChemSpider 5576
SMILES
 
  • OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO
InChI
 
  • 1/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1
InChIKey FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA
ChEBI 17924
DrugBank DB01638
MeSH Sorbitol
性质
化学式 C6H14O6
摩尔质量 182.17 g·mol⁻¹
密度 0.68
熔点 95
沸点 296 ℃
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

山梨醇(英語:Sorbitol),又稱葡萄糖醇己六醇,是一种能缓慢代谢糖醇。分子式為C6H14O6,與單糖的結構相似,可通过还原葡萄糖上的基为羟基来获得。

历史

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山梨醇最早从花楸树(Sorbus pohuashanensis)中提取,并因此得名。[2]

制造

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工业生产山梨醇的主要方式是还原葡萄糖。将葡萄糖溶液在催化下,經加热、加壓、催化加後可製得原始品,再經脫色、去除重金屬离子等步骤。

用途

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它可作為食品添加劑,用於提高食品保濕性,或作為稠化劑之用。可作甜味劑,如常用于制造无糖口香糖。也用作化妝品牙膏的保濕劑、賦形劑,並可用作甘油代用品。也是生产维生素C的主要原料。[2]

副作用

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摄入过量的山梨醇会引起一些肠胃问题,如肠胃痛、胀气和程度不同的腹泻[3][4] 山梨醇还可能加重肠易激综合征果糖吸收不良[5]

即使饮食中缺乏山梨醇,人体细胞也能够合成;對於糖尿病患者而言,过量合成山梨醇会损坏细胞。[6]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ publications.iupac.org/pac/1996/pdf/6810x1919.pdf
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 L.G.Wade Jr. Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition. PEARSON. 2013. 
  3. ^ (英文)Kathleen Doheny. Sweetener Side Effects: Case Histories. WebMD Medical News. 2008-01-10 [2008年1月13日]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-13). 
  4. ^ (中文)张灵. 常吃无糖香口胶或致严重腹泻及体重下降. 信息时报. 2008-01-13 [2008年1月13日]. (原始内容存档于2008-01-16). 
  5. ^ (英文)Hope, Jenny. Sweetener in chewing gum can damage your health. Daily Mail. 11 January 2008 [2008年1月13日].  "A sweetener used in sugar-free chewing gum, some toothpastes and thousands of other products could be a severe health risk, doctors warned." Reports The British Medical Journal.
  6. ^ (英文)Sorbitol: a hazard for diabetics? Nutrition Health Review
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山梨醇
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