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朗肯循环

朗肯循环的流程圖

朗肯循环(英語:Rankine Cycle)也被称为兰金循环,是一种将热能转化为功的热力学循环。郎肯循环从外界吸收热量,将其闭环的工质,通常使用水加热做功。郎肯循环产生世界上90%的电力,包括几乎所有的太阳能热能,生物质能,煤炭与核能的电站。[1]它是根据苏格兰博学家格拉斯哥大学教授威廉·約翰·麥誇恩·蘭金William John Macquorn Rankine)的名字命名的。郎肯循环是支持蒸汽机的基本熱力學原理。

循環過程

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典型朗肯循环的溫度與熵關係圖

朗肯循环有以下四個過程。

  1. 液體水泵壓縮,液體會從低壓上升至高壓,成為高壓液。
  2. 高壓液被注入鍋爐加熱,在恆定壓力下,高壓液吸收了外部熱源成為飽和蒸汽
  3. 飽和蒸汽膨脹後,會推動渦輪機發電,飽和蒸汽的溫度和壓力因此減少,並成為濕蒸汽,
  4. 濕蒸汽然後進入冷凝器,被冷凝成為飽和液體。

有機朗肯循環

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有機朗肯循環英语Organic Rankine cycle[2]特指使用有機溶液作為工作流體的朗肯循環,被廣泛運用在工業廢熱回收、太陽熱能發電、生質能燃燒發電上。由於有機溶液的沸點較低,因此可以利用溫度較低的熱源運作。在有機溶液的選用上,通常會使用乾性溶液(dry fluid),目的是避免壓降過程發生兩相混合而損壞渦輪葉片。熱源溫度會影響其工作流體的選擇,適合的工作流體是各種冷媒(攝氏100度至180度)、碳氫化合物(攝氏180度至250度)、矽氧烷(攝氏250度至400度)。

參見

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參考資料

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  1. ^ Wiser, Wendell H. Energy resources: occurrence, production, conversion, use. Birkhäuser. 2000: 190 [2013-05-01]. ISBN 978-0-387-98744-6. (原始内容存档于2016-05-29). 
  2. ^ Velez, Fredy. A technical, economical and market review of organic Rankine cycles for the conversion of low-grade heat for power generation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 
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朗肯循环
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