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負載因數

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電機工程領域,負載因數的定義是平均負載與某時段內的最大負載的比值,[1]其可用於衡量負載電能利用率。一個負載如具有高的負載因數,表示其正很有效率地利用供電系統;低負載因數則顯示負載未充分利用其配給到的電能。

相關敘述

負載因數可從用電設備的負載曲線英语Load profile中求出。負載因數始終介於1和0之間,因為尖峰用電永遠大於平均用電。高負載因數表示負載的用電量較穩定;低負載因數顯示負載偶爾會有很高的用電需求,為了滿足隨時竄升的用電需求,許多發電機組就必須持續運轉,增加成本消耗。

對於高負載因數的用電戶,可能會減免其部分電費,從而鼓勵用戶提升負載因數。為了降低成本並增加供電穩定度而採取的類似手段,合稱為負載平衡英语Load balancing (electrical power)或削峰填谷(peak shaving)。

負載因數與需求因數英语Demand factor密切相關且常被混淆。

  • 需求因數 = 某時段內的最大負載 / 可供應的最大負載

需留意的差異是:供電系統的最大負荷量無法從負載曲線中看出,因此需求因數無法以負載曲線求出。

計算

負載因數 = 平均負載 / 某時段內的最大負載

一個商業用電負載的計算範例:

因此:

  • 負載因數 = [ 57,200 千瓦小時 ÷ (30 × 一天24小時) ] ÷ 436 千瓦 = 0.1822(18.22%)

參見

參考文獻

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負載因數
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