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迷唐

迷唐(?—?),烧当羌首领。羌王迷吾的儿子。

章和元年(87年),其父迷吾被东汉护羌校尉张纡设计杀死,迷唐是继任者。他怀恨在心,以金帛、子女与烧何、当煎、当阗等部联姻交质。据有大、小榆谷,联兵五千攻陇西塞,与张纡战于白石,不利,退守大、小榆谷。广泛联合诸羌部等民族,势盛。章和二年(88年),大臣推举原张掖郡太守邓训[1]取代张纡任护羌校尉。迷唐率骑兵一万,先攻打臣服汉朝小月氏胡。一些官员认为,羌与胡互相攻击,对汉朝有利。邓训说,张纡失信,使羌人各部反叛,我们应该以恩德相待胡人,使其能为我所用。下令打开城门,接纳胡人的妻子儿女。羌兵無获,于是撤离。因此,湟中地区的胡人都敬服邓训。邓训再招降羌族各部,迷唐的叔父号吾,率本部八百户前羌人依附汉朝。邓训以四千军队出塞,在写谷打败迷唐,迷唐撤离出大、小榆谷,到颇岩谷。

永元元年(89年)春,迷唐打算回到大、小榆谷。邓训命长史任尚率领湟中的六千兵士,袭击败迷唐,斩杀一千八百余人,俘虏二千人,缴获马牛羊三万余头,使迷唐遭到毁灭打击。迷唐收集余部,西迁一千余里,率部去赐支河曲,烧当部的东号前来归降。

永元九年(97年),迷唐率众八千人犯陇西郡,加上其他羌人部落,共三万人步骑兵,打败了陇西兵,杀死大夏县长。汉和帝派遣刘尚代征西将军,越骑校尉为副,率三万汉、羌、胡兵行讨伐。迷唐逃到临洮之南。刘尚在高山大败迷唐军,斩俘一千余人。迷唐后来也使汉军死伤惨重,汉军不能再追,于是回师。因击杀累姐等羌,引起冲突,以致力量削弱。永元十一年(99年),在谒者耿谭的计划下,迷唐投降汉朝,到京城洛阳朝见。

这时候迷唐的残部已不足两千,因饥饿穷困,全部迁入到金城。汉和帝命迷唐率部返回大、小榆谷。因汉朝修筑了河桥,大、小榆谷已经不安全,迷唐以部众饥饿为托词,不肯远行。护羌校尉吴祉赐给迷唐许多金帛,让他购买谷物和牲畜,以求早日出塞。但羌人认为朝廷又有阴谋。于永元十二年(100年),迷唐再度叛乱,攻杀抢掠。

永元十三年(101年),迷唐率兵回到赐支河曲,接近汉朝边塞。护羌校尉周鲔和金城太守侯霸,率兵三万,打败迷唐,烧当羌瓦解,六千余人投降,被分迁汉阳、安定、陇西等地安插。迷唐率余众千人,越过赐支河源头远逃,投靠发羌。多年以后,迷唐病死,他的儿子来隆前来归降,部众已不足数十户。

注释

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  1. ^ 太傅邓禹的儿子,后来的皇后邓绥的父亲

参考文献

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迷唐
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